Embedded Based Miniaturized Universal Electrochemical Sensing Platform

We created an embedded sensing platform based on STM32 embedded system, with integrated carbon-electrode ionic sensor by using a self-made plug. Given ration of concentration-unknown nitrate liquid samples, this platform is able to measure the nitrate concentration in neutral environment. Response signals which were transmitted by the sensor can be displayed via a serial port to the computer screen or via Bluetooth to the smartphone. Processed by a fitting function, signals are transformed into related concentration. Through repeating the experiment many times, the accuracy and repeatability turned out to be excellent. The results can be automatically stored on smartphone via Bluetooth. We created this embedded sensing platform for field water quality measurement. This platform also can be applied for other micro sensors’ signal acquisition and data processing.

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Electrochemical Discrimination of Salbutamol from Its Excipients in VentolinTM at Nanoporous Gold Microdisc Arrays

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21123975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 3975

Author(s):

Lorraine C. Nagle ◽

Amelie Wahl ◽

Vladimir Ogourstov ◽

Ian Seymour ◽

Fiona Barry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Electrode ◽

Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽

Nanoporous Gold ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

Electrode Arrays ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Embedded Sensing ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

On Chip ◽

Novel Algorithms

The emergence of specific drug–device combination products in the inhalable pharmaceutical industry demands more sophistication of device functionality in the form of an embedded sensing platform to increase patient safety and extend patent coverage. Controlling the nebuliser function at a miniaturised, integrated electrochemical sensing platform with rapid response time and supporting novel algorithms could deliver such a technology offering. Development of a nanoporous gold (NPG) electrochemical sensor capable of creating a unique fingerprint signal generated by inhalable pharmaceuticals provided the impetus for our study of the electrooxidation of salbutamol, which is the active bronchodilatory ingredient in VentolinTM formulations. It was demonstrated that, at NPG-modified microdisc electrode arrays, salbutamol is distinguishable from the chloride excipient present at 0.0154 M using linear sweep voltammetry and can be detected amperometrically. In contrast, bare gold microdisc electrode arrays cannot afford such discrimination, as the potential for salbutamol oxidation and chloride adsorption reactions overlap. The discriminative power of NPG originates from the nanoconfinement effect for chloride in the internal pores of NPG, which selectively enhances the electron transfer kinetics of this more sluggish reaction relative to that of the faster, diffusion-controlled salbutamol oxidation. Sensing was performed at a fully integrated three-electrode cell-on-chip using Pt as a quasi-reference electrode.

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Water quality. Measurement of gross beta activity in non-saline water. Thick source method

10.3403/30081680u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Saline Water ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Beta Activity ◽

Gross Beta ◽

Gross Beta Activity ◽

Source Method ◽

Water Quality Measurement ◽

Thick Source

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Water quality. Measurement of gross alpha and gross beta activity in non-saline water. Thin source deposit method

10.3403/30167360u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Saline Water ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Beta Activity ◽

Gross Beta ◽

Gross Alpha ◽

Gross Beta Activity ◽

Water Quality Measurement ◽

Thin Source

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Water quality. Measurement of gross alpha and beta activity concentration in non-saline water. Liquid scintillation counting method

10.3403/30195760u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Liquid Scintillation ◽

Activity Concentration ◽

Saline Water ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Scintillation Counting ◽

Beta Activity ◽

Counting Method ◽

Gross Alpha ◽

Gross Alpha And Beta ◽

Water Quality Measurement

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Water quality. Measurement of biochemical parameters. Spectrometric determination of the chlorophyll-a concentration

10.3403/30303315 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽

Water Quality Measurement

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Paper-Based Competitive Immunochromatography Coupled with an Enzyme-Modified Electrode to Enable the Wireless Monitoring and Electrochemical Sensing of Cotinine in Urine

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051659 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1659

Author(s):

Nutcha Larpant ◽

Pramod K. Kalambate ◽

Tautgirdas Ruzgas ◽

Wanida Laiwattanapaisal

Keyword(s):

Glucose Oxidase ◽

Modified Electrode ◽

Near Field ◽

Electrochemical Measurement ◽

Electrochemical Sensing ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Lateral Flow Strip ◽

Wireless Monitoring ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Combined Strategy

This paper proposes a combined strategy of using paper-based competitive immunochromatography and a near field communication (NFC) tag for wireless cotinine determination. The glucose oxidase labeled cotinine antibody specifically binds free cotinine in a sample, whereas the unoccupied antibody attached to BSA-cotinine at the test line on a lateral flow strip. The glucose oxidase on the strip and an assistant pad in the presence of glucose generated H2O2 and imposed the Ag oxidation on the modified electrode. This enabled monitoring of immunoreaction by either electrochemical measurement or wireless detection. Wireless sensing was realized for cotinine in the range of 100–1000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.96) in PBS medium. Undiluted urine samples from non-smokers exhibited an Ag-oxidation rate three times higher than the smoker’s urine samples. For 1:8 diluted urine samples (smokers), the proposed paper-based competitive immunochromatography coupled with an enzyme-modified electrode differentiated positive and negative samples and exhibited cotinine discrimination at levels higher than 12 ng/mL. This novel sensing platform can potentially be combined with a smartphone as a reader unit.

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