Air Quality Measurement Using an IoT Network: a Case Study

Context: The evaluation of air quality in Colombia is localized; it does not go beyond determining whether the level of the polluting gas at a specific point of the monitoring network has exceeded a threshold, according to a norm or standard, in order to trigger an alarm. It is not committed to objectives as important as the real-time identification of the dispersion dynamics of polluting gases in an area, or the prediction of the newly affected population. From this perspective, the presence of polluting gases was evaluated on the university campus of Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito, located north of the city of Bogotá, and the affected population was estimated for the month of October, 2019, using the Kriging geostatistical technique. Method: This study is part of the design and construction of an auxiliary mobile station that monitors and reports complementary information (CO and SO2 gases) to that provided by the Guaymaral meteorological station, located in the north of Bogotá. This information is transmitted through an IoT network to a server, where a database is created which stores the information on polluting gases reported by the 14 stations of the Bogotá air quality monitoring network, the information sent by the auxiliary station, and the statistical information of the population present on the university campus. Pollutant gas data and population information recorded from October 1st to 31st, 2019, are the input for data analysis using the Kriging interpolation method and predicting the affected population on said campus. Results: There is a particulate matter concentration of 29 µg/m3 of PM10 in the coliseum and 12,6 µg/m3 of PM2,5 in building G, in addition to 9,8 ppb of O3 in building I, 14,9 ppb of NO2 in that same building, 0,79 ppb of CO in building C, and 0,65 ppb of SO2 also in building C, thus allowing to infer, according to the Bogotá air quality index, a favorable air quality for a population of 2.131 people who visited the campus university during the aforementioned period. Conclusions: The correct integration of the data in the web server and their analysis, carried out in the R language, allowed determining the approximate indicators of the polluting factors around Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. Additionally, to determine the affected population, these indicators were correlated with the information on the registered population that entered the campus during the period under study. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the air quality on the campus of Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito is favorable, and that 2.131 people benefited daily from these conditions.

Embedded Generative Air Pollution Model with Variational Autoencoder and Environmental Factor Effect in Ulaanbaatar City

Air pollution is one of the most pressing modern-day issues in cities around the world. However, most cities have adopted air quality measurement devices that only measure the past pollution levels without paying attention to the influencing factors. To obtain preliminary pollution information with regard to environmental factors, we developed a variational autoencoder and feedforward neural network-based embedded generative model to examine the relationship between air quality and the effects of environmental factors. In the model, actual SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, and CO measurements from 2016 to 2020 were used, which were assembled from 15 differently located ground monitoring stations in Ulaanbaatar city. A wide range of weather and fuel measurements were used as the data for the influencing factors, and were collected over the same period as the air pollution data were recorded. The prediction results concerned all measurement stations, and the results were visualized as a spatial–temporal distribution of pollution and the performance of individual stations. A cross-validated R2 was used to estimate the entire pollution distribution through the regions as SO2: 0.81, PM2.5: 0.76, PM10: 0.89, and CO: 0.83. Pearson’s chi-squared tests were used for assessing each measurement station, and the contingency tables represent a high correlation between the actual and model results. The model can be applied to perform specific analysis of the interdependencies between pollution and environmental factors, and the performance of the model improves with long-range data.

Precision Estimates and Statements for Performance Indices from the Indirect Tensile Cracking Test at Intermediate Temperature

The Virginia Department of Transportation (DOT) has taken initiatives to implement the Balanced Mix Design (BMD) method to assure the long-term service life of its pavement network from a mixture quality standpoint. As part of this initiative, the cracking tolerance (CT) index obtained from the indirect tensile (IDT) test at intermediate temperature in accordance with ASTM D8225-19 was selected for evaluating the cracking potential of dense-graded surface asphalt mixtures. This prompted the need to generate the precision estimates (repeatability and reproducibility) for the test method for proper implementation during quality measurement practices. Thus, this interlaboratory study was undertaken to determine the precision estimates of the CT index calculated from the IDT test and to develop the associated precision statements. In addition, fracture strain tolerance (FST) and indirect tensile strength were included. Two asphalt mixes with significantly different CT index values were designed for the evaluation. Forty-six pairs of five replicate sets of compacted specimens (one set for each mix) were sent to 41 participating laboratories to be tested at 25°C. The test results were checked for data quality. The effects of loading rate and manufacturers on the indices were also evaluated. The test results indicated that one third of the sets were not tested in full accordance with the ASTM standard, indicating a need for training. The results also indicated that the specified loading rate of 50 ± 2 mm/min in ASTM D8225-19 for the IDT test may need revision. Finally, the precision estimates and associated statements for the three indices were presented.

Design and Development of a Power Quality Based Digital Energy Meter

In power distribution systems of many countries, service lines are directly connected to the consumer meters without any load management system. Conventional meters lack in internal power quality measurement, and utility also cannot measure the power factor and other values during the month. This study aims to design a smart kit that aids conventional single-phase energy meters and calculates the power values of all phases by measuring the voltage, current, and power factor on the load side; and the calculated power values will be sent to the cloud data base Voltage and current are measured by a current transformer (CT) and a potential transformer (PT) connected on both the incoming side and the load side in order to avoid meter bypassing. A program-based algorithm has also been developed to calculate the power factor and other power quantities. This IoT-based energy meter uploads the measured quantities to an online database, and the same are also displayed on an LCD meter. An Android™-based application is also developed for user-end control. Consumers can observe the resultant values, switch loads remotely, and pay electricity bills through the same application. When the power factor of any consumer is less than the standard value, the system will automatically notify utility company about the affecting load.

AUDIT SYSTEM INFORMATION ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD AS STUDENT ONLINE LEARNING

In the current digital era, almost all health care sectors require fast, precise, detailed, and valid services. The results of observations show that during lectures, students still have difficulty understanding the flow of input, process, and output of a good application, and do not know and have an idea about Application Software in Health Care Facilities that are already running in health facilities because some students do Field Work Practices. placed in health care facilities institutions still use manual systems with paper and recording in ledgers, during the current pandemic. In this study, an electronic medical record information system was designed and built as a student learning application regarding health service applications, system accuracy test using ISO 9126, where ISO 9126 looks at Functionability, Reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability of a good system and provides recommendations if there are findings that the system does not meet the needs. The results of this study obtained the value of the Information System that was built only 75,92593 % which is the result of quality measurement so that this application does not fall into the category of the ISO 9126 standard because there are Portability Characteristics, namely Adaptability and Installability elements are not met, for these finding recommendations for improvements are given so that the system can run perfectly. according to the need for use. Keywords: Covid-19, Electronic Medical Records, Learning Media, ISO 9126 Abstrak: Pada era digital sekarang, hampir semua sektor pelayanan kesehatan membutuhkan pelayanan yang cepat, tepat, detail, dan valid. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa selama perkuliahan mahasiswa masih kesulitan memahami alur input, proses, dan output dari suatu aplikasi yang baik, serta belum mengetahui dan mempunyai gambaran tentang Software Aplikasi di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan yang sudah berjalan di fasilitas kesehatan dikarenakan beberapa mahasiswa yang melakukan Praktek Kerja Lapangan ditempatkan di institusi fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan masih menggunakan sistem manual dengan kertas dan pencatatan di buku. Pada penelitian ini dirancang dan dibangun sebuah sistem informasi rekam medis elektronik sebagai aplikasi pembelajaran mahasiswa mengenai aplikasi pelayanan kesehatan, uji akurasi sistem menggunakan ISO 9126, dimana ISO 9126 menilik Functionability, Reliability, usability, efesiency, maintainability dan portability sistem yang baik serta memberi rekomendasi apabila ada temuan sistem yang belum sesuai kebutuhan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh nilai Sistem Informasi yang dibangun hanya 75,92593 % yang merupakan hasil pengukuran kualitas sehingga aplikasi ini tidak masuk kategori standar ISO 9126 karena ada Karakteristik Portability yaitu unsur Adaptability, dan Installability tidak terpenuhi, untuk temuan ini diberikan rekomendasi perbaikan agar sistem dapat berjalan sempurna sesuai kebutuhan penggunaannya. Kata kunci: Covid-19, Media Pembelajaran, Rekam Medis Elektronik, ISO 9126

Experimental investigation of the air flow in a simplified underhood environment

In this paper, a simplified underhood environment is proposed to investigate the air flow distribution in a vehicle-like set-up and provide high quality measurement data that can be used for the validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic methods. The rig can be equipped with two types of front openings representative for electrified vehicles. Furthermore, it is possible to install differently shaped blockages downstream of the fan to imitate large underhood components. The distance between the blockages and the fan can be varied in longitudinal and lateral direction. The measurements are performed with Laser Doppler Anemometry at a fixed distance downstream of the fan. The results show that the lack of an upper grille opening in the configuration for a battery electric vehicle has a notable impact on the flow field in the reference case without any downstream blockage. However, the differences in the flow field between the two front designs become less when a downstream obstruction is present. The longitudinal and lateral position of the blockages have a minor impact on the flow field compared to the shape of the obstacle itself.