scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of the North American Beetle GenusTrichiotinus(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Trichiinae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
T. Keith Philips ◽  
Mark Callahan ◽  
Jesús Orozco ◽  
Naomi Rowland
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
East West

A hypothesized evolutionary history of the North American endemic trichiine scarab genusTrichiotinusis presented including all eight species and three outgroup taxa. Data from nineteen morphological traits and CO1 and 28S gene sequences were used to construct phylogenies using both parsimony and Bayesian algorithms. All results show thatTrichiotinusis monophyletic. The best supported topology shows that the basal speciesT. lunulatusis sister to the remaining taxa that form two clades, with four and three species each. The distribution of one lineage is relatively northern while the other is generally more southern. The ancestralTrichiotinuslineage arose from 23.8–14.9 mya, and east-west geographic partitioning of ancestral populations likely resulted in cladogenesis and new species creation, beginning as early as 10.6–6.2 mya and as recently as 1.2–0.7 mya. Morphological character evolution is also briefly discussed. The limited distribution ofT. rufobrunneusin Florida andT. viridansin the Midwest mainly due to urban development and widespread agriculture makes these two species of conservation concern.

scholarly journals Principal host relationships and evolutionary history of the North American arenaviruses

Virology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N.B. Cajimat ◽  
Mary Louise Milazzo ◽  
Barry D. Hess ◽  
Michael P. Rood ◽  
Charles F. Fulhorst
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Relationships

The phylogenetic placement of the rare North American band-winged grasshopper Shotwellia isleta Gurney, 1940 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lightfoot ◽  
Kelly Miller ◽  
William Edelman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Chihuahuan Desert ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Conservation Concern

AbstractThe phylogenetic placement of the North American band-winged grasshopper Shotwellia isleta (Gurney 1940) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) has been investigated. This rare and unique species of grasshopper belongs to a monotypic genus known only from a few isolated locations in the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico and New Mexico, USA. The taxonomic status of Shotwellia has been uncertain and historically classified in very different ways relative to other genera. We conducted the first molecular phylogenetic cladistic analysis of Shotwellia and of the Chortophaga (Saussure) genus group in which it is currently classified, using three mitochondrial genes (16S, 12S and cytochrome c oxidase II), 14 morphological characters and two behavioral characters. Our analysis supports the current monotypic status of the genus Shotwellia within the Chortophaga genus group and indicates that Shotwellia is sister to the other genera in that group. Shotwellia isleta is a species of conservation concern, and our field sampling indicates that it is a rare specialist of freshwater ephemeral desert lake beds that are being impacted by human activity. Understanding the phylogeny of S. isleta provides a basis from which biological, evolutionary and conservation inferences can be made.

scholarly journals Hawaiian Paratachys Casey (Coleoptera, Carabidae): small beetles of sodden summits, stony streams, and stygian voids

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 229-268
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Hawaiian Species ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conservation Concern

Five Hawaiian species of Paratachys Casey are revised, including four newly described: Paratachys terryli from Kauai; P. perkinsi from Moloka‘i; P. haleakalae from Maui; and P. aaa from Hawai‘i Island. A lectotype is designated for the fifth Hawaiian species currently combined with Paratachys, Tachys arcanicola Blackburn, 1878 of Oahu. Hawaiian Paratachys spp. known from more than one specimen exhibit some degree of ocular polymorphism, that variation being extreme in P. terryli where individuals range in ocular development from macrophthalmic with broadly convex eyes to microphthalmic with small, flat eyes. All Hawaiian Paratachys species comprise individuals with vestigial wings, with the exception of P. terryli, where a single macropterous, macrophthalmic female complements the other 18 brachypterous specimens. Based on a transformation series of characters from the male aedeagus, the biogeographic history of Hawaiian Paratachys is consistent with progressive colonization of the Hawaiian Island chain. Three of the species do not appear to represent species of conservation concern, with P. terryli and P. haleakalae known from terrestrial deep soil, litter, and streamside microhabitats in montane wet rain forest, and the troglobitic P. aaa occupying the dark zone of numerous, recently developed lava tube caves within the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanic massifs. The conservation status of the other two species is much more dire, with P. arcanicola of O‘ahu not seen in nature since the early 20th Century, and P. perkinsi known only from a single specimen fortuitously collected in 1894 near sea level on Moloka‘i.

scholarly journals The complex history of genome duplication and hybridization in North American gray treefrogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Booker ◽  
H. Carl Gerhardt ◽  
Alan R. Lemmon ◽  
Margaret B. Ptacek ◽  
Alyssa T. B. Hassinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Genome Duplication Event ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

AbstractPolyploid speciation has played an important role in evolutionary history across the tree of life, yet there remain large gaps in our understanding of how polyploid species form and persist. While systematic studies have been conducted in numerous polyploid complexes, recent advances in sequencing technology have demonstrated that conclusions from data-limited studies may be spurious and misleading. The North American gray treefrog complex, consisting of the diploid Hyla chrysoscelis and the tetraploid Hyla versicolor, has long been used as a model system in a variety of biological fields, yet all taxonomic studies to date were conducted with only a few loci from nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Here, we utilized anchored hybrid enrichment and high-throughput sequencing to capture hundreds of loci along with whole mitochondrial genomes to investigate the evolutionary history of this complex. We used several phylogenetic and population genetic methods, including coalescent simulations and testing of polyploid speciation models with Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), to determine that H. versicolor was most likely formed via autopolyploidization from a now extinct lineage of H. chrysoscelis. We also uncovered evidence of significant hybridization between diploids and tetraploids where they co-occur, and show that historical hybridization between these groups led to the re-formation of distinct polyploid lineages following the initial whole genome duplication event. Our study indicates that a wide variety of methods and explicit model testing of polyploid histories can greatly facilitate efforts to uncover the evolutionary history of polyploid complexes.

North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Matt Sheedy
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American Association ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

I interviewed Russell McCutcheon back in March 2015, about his new role as president of the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR), asking him about the history of the organization, goals for his tenure, and developments for NAASR’s upcoming conference in Atlanta in November 2015.

An Economic Analysis of Indian Behavior in the North American Fur Trade

1972 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This study of Indian behavior in the fur trade is offered more as a report of a study in progress than a completed piece of historical research. In fact, the research has barely begun. But in spite of its unfinished state, the tentative results of the work I have done to this point may be of some interest as an illustration of the way in which the recent revival of analytical interest in institutions may be used to develop an approach to the economic history of the fur trade.

The Life History of Babesia bigemina in the North American Fever Tick

Science ◽  
1931 ◽  
Vol 73 (1901) ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Emery Westervelt Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North American ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

Attitudes to reform: political parties in Ulster and the Irish land bill of 1881

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (95) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Francis Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
History Of

The Irish land act of 1881, it is generally agreed, was a victory for the Land League and Parnell, and nationalist policy with regard to the act and the attitude of southern tenants towards it have been many times subjected to detailed examination by historians of this period. In these analyses of the events of 1880–81, however, little reference is normally made to the part played by the different parties and interests in the north of the country. It is often assumed, for example, that the Ulster tenants held aloof from the campaign for reform, lending no more than occasional vocal support to the agitational efforts of tenants in the south and west. Indeed, they were later excoriated by William O'Brien, Michael Davitt and others not only for giving no support to the land movement but also for sabotaging Parnell's policy of testing the 1881 act by precipitately rushing into the land courts to take advantage of the new legislation: ‘that hard-fisted body of men, having done nothing themselves to win the act, thought of nothing but turning it to their own immediate use, and repudiating any solidarity with the southern and western rebels to whom they really owed it’. If, however, northern tenants were harshly judged by nationalist politicians in the years after 1881, the part played by the northern political parties in the history of the land bill has been either ignored or misunderstood by historians since that time. The Ulster liberals, for example, are rarely mentioned, the implication being that they made no contribution to the act even though it implemented almost exactly the programme on which they had been campaigning for much of the previous decade. The northern conservatives, on the other hand, are commonly seen as leading opponents of the bill, more intransigent than their party colleagues in the south, ‘quick to denounce any weakening of the opposition’ to reform, and ‘determined to keep the tory party up to the mark in defending the landlord interest’

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF KARAKORAM SEQUENCE, HUNZA VALLEY NE PAKISTAN: EVIDENCES FROM FIELD MAPPING AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL WORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
S. S. Baig ◽  
C. Xue ◽  
Masroor Alam ◽  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
M. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Metamorphic Complex ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
The North ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Analysis ◽  
East West

The Karakoram metamorphic Complex (KMC) in the southern Karakoram block is one of the best examples of Barrovian type metamorphism that comprises numerous exhumed metapelite units where a series of low to high grade (green schist to sillimanite facie) rocks are exposed. This sequence shows a complex polyphase history of metamorphism and deformation which offer deeper understanding of collision orogeny. Karakoram metamorphic Complex contains metapelites, meta-carbonates, meta-igneous and amphibolite layers, cross-cut by granite sheets in the northern part. This complex is bounded to the north by the Hunza plutonic unit which is the central portion of the massive east-west trending Karakoram axial batholith and to the southwest by the Main Karakoram thrust (MKT). In this contribution, we provide detail geological mapping, petrography, geochemistry and micro-analytical work using Electron Prob-micro analysis in the central Hunza Valley.

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