New records and taxonomic notes on Cryphalus Erichson, 1836 in Hawaiʻi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

We review the taxonomy and provide identification resources for the species of Cryphalus Erichson, 1836 from the Hawaiian Islands. Five species are present, Cryphalus brasiliensis (Schedl, 1976) new country record, Cryphalus mangiferae Stebbing, 1914, Cryphalus negrosensis Browne, 1979, Cryphalus sylvicola (Perkins, 1900), and Cryphalus trypanoides (Beeson, 1935) (= Cryphalus mollis Schedl, 1955 syn. nov.). Additionally, while reviewing the species, two species not present in Hawaiʻi are resurrected from synonymy with C. sylvicola: Cryphalus pini (Hopkins, 1915) stat. res. and Cryphalus swezeyi (Schedl, 1942) stat. res. None of the Hawaiian species are endemic, and most are known from most major Pacific islands, and presumed introduced. Cryphalus negrosensis is a likely recent introduction and is a frugivorous scolytine, collected from a wide range of fruits, and found breeding in Artocarpus altilis fruit pulp.

Hawaiian Paratachys Casey (Coleoptera, Carabidae): small beetles of sodden summits, stony streams, and stygian voids

Five Hawaiian species of Paratachys Casey are revised, including four newly described: Paratachys terryli from Kauai; P. perkinsi from Moloka‘i; P. haleakalae from Maui; and P. aaa from Hawai‘i Island. A lectotype is designated for the fifth Hawaiian species currently combined with Paratachys, Tachys arcanicola Blackburn, 1878 of Oahu. Hawaiian Paratachys spp. known from more than one specimen exhibit some degree of ocular polymorphism, that variation being extreme in P. terryli where individuals range in ocular development from macrophthalmic with broadly convex eyes to microphthalmic with small, flat eyes. All Hawaiian Paratachys species comprise individuals with vestigial wings, with the exception of P. terryli, where a single macropterous, macrophthalmic female complements the other 18 brachypterous specimens. Based on a transformation series of characters from the male aedeagus, the biogeographic history of Hawaiian Paratachys is consistent with progressive colonization of the Hawaiian Island chain. Three of the species do not appear to represent species of conservation concern, with P. terryli and P. haleakalae known from terrestrial deep soil, litter, and streamside microhabitats in montane wet rain forest, and the troglobitic P. aaa occupying the dark zone of numerous, recently developed lava tube caves within the Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanic massifs. The conservation status of the other two species is much more dire, with P. arcanicola of O‘ahu not seen in nature since the early 20th Century, and P. perkinsi known only from a single specimen fortuitously collected in 1894 near sea level on Moloka‘i.

The Homolidae of the Hawaiian Islands, with notes on the taxonomy of Moloha major (Kubo, 1936) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

Based partly on a collection of homolid crabs captured from baited traps in deep waters off French Frigate Shoals, Northwest Hawaiian Islands, in October 2006, the Hawaiian species of the family Homolidae are reviewed. Known genera and species in the Hawaiian Islands now include two species of Homola (H. orientalis and H. dickinsoni), two species of Lamoha (L. williamsi and L. personata), and five genera that are each represented by a single species (Paramola japonica, Moloha major, Yaldwynopsis hawaiiana, Latreillopsis okala, and Homologenus namakae). Seven of the 14 currently recognized genera of the Homolidae and nine of the 74 known species are now known from Hawaiian waters. Colour notes are included for the first time for two species (H. dickinsoni and Y. hawaiiana). A key to the family Homolidae in Hawaiian waters is included.

Records of seven species of native and exotic bark beetles new to Pu’u Wa’awa’a Dry Forest Unit, Hawai‘i Island (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

As part of ongoing surveys for native bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across the Hawaiian Islands, we undertook targeted sampling at Pu’u Wa’awa’a Experimental Forest Unit, North Kona, on the northwestern part of Hawai‘i Island during February to April of 2018 and 2019. This is one of the few areas containing remaining native dry forest on the leeward, dry side of the island. Our sampling revealed the presence of seven species of bark beetles not previously recorded from Pu’u Wa’awa’a. These included two native and endemic Hawaiian species belonging to the genus Xyleborus Eichhoff (tribe Xyleborini). The other five species are the exotic Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867), or the coffee berry borer, belonging to the tribe Cryphalini, which is a serious pest of coffee in the Hawaiian Islands, and four widespread adventive species belonging to the tribe Xyleborini, including Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1801), whose frass has been demonstrated to be able to contain a fungus that is a causative agent of the plant disease Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death which currently poses a threat to native ʻōhiʻa lehua trees. These records are presented and discussed in detail, and the newly recorded species are illustrated in colour photographs.

Two new day-flying species of Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the alpine summit of the Maunakea Volcano

Two new endemic Hawaiian species of Agrotis Ochsenheimer (Noctuidae) are described: A. helela and A. kuamauna. Both species are day-flying and occur at high-elevations. Observations of adult and larval morphology and biology are included, as well as illustrations of adult moths and genitalia for both sexes.

Taxonomic notes on the cricket subfamilies Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) from islands and coasts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans

Several taxa of Nemobiinae and Trigonidiinae from some islands and coasts of Pacific Ocean and Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) are considered. The tribes Marinemobiini Gorochov, 1985 and Burcini Gorochov, 1986 are briefly redescribed, and the tribes Nemobiini Saussure, 1877 and Pteronemobiini Vickery, 1973 are also discussed. Some genera of Marinemobiini (Marinemobius Gorochov, 1985, Apteronemobius Chopard, 1929 and Parapteronemobius Furukawa, 1970) as well as type species of Apteronemobius (A. longipes Chopard, 1929) are redescribed; Marinemobius and Parapteronemobius are restored from synonyms of Apteronemobius and Caconemobius Kirby, 1906, respectively (with the suggestion of three new combinations for the specific names); Eumarinemobius sundaicus gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Malay Peninsula and nearest islands, and former Apteronemobius darwini Otte et Alexander, 1983 is supposedly included in this genus (as E. darwini comb. nov.); Parapteronemobius sazanami kunashir subsp. nov. is described from the Kuril Islands. The tribe Burcini is restored from synonyms of Thetellini Otte et Alexander, 1983, and its following taxa are redescribed or described as new for the science: Burcus Gorochov, 1986 which is also restored from synonyms of Thetella Otte et Alexander, 1983; B. trilobulatus sp. nov. from Thailand; B. t. bunaken subsp. nov. from Indonesia; Paraburcus gen. nov. for Thetella elegans Kobayashi, 1983 (= P. elegans comb. nov.); Neoburcus tarutao gen. et sp. nov. from Thailand. The unavailable tribal name Thetellini is considered as a possible synonym of Nemobiini, and its type genus and species (Thetella and Th. oonoomba Otte et Alexander, 1983 from Australia) as well as some other genera from Pacific islands must be preliminary placed in this tribe, but the genus Caledonina Desutter-Grandcolas, 2016 from New Caledonia probably belongs to Pteronemobiini. Two generic names of Hawaiian Trigonidiinae (Zudella Gorochov, 1988 and Nudilla Gorochov, 1988) are restored from subgenera and synonyms of Trigonidium Rambur, 1838, respectively: the genus Zudella includes numerous Hawaiian species erroneously placed in Trigonidium (they are listed here); the genus Nudilla is here synonymised with Laupala Otte, 1994, syn. nov., and the neotype for Nudilla type species (Trigonidium pacificum Scudder, 1869) is here designated, as well as a new replacement specific name (N. danieli nom. nov.) is here given for the secondary homonym Laupala pacifica Otte, 1994. Also 169 new combinations for specific names in the two latter genera are proposed; T. kolekole Otte, 1994, syn. nov. and L. cerasina Otte, 1994, syn. nov. are synonymised with Z. hawaiiensis Gorochov, 1986 and N. pacifica (Scudder, 1869), respectively.

The genus Lobariella (Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in Hawaii: late colonization, high inferred endemism and three new species resulting from “micro-radiation”

We assessed the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Hawaiian species of the neotropical genus Lobariella. A single species was previously reported from the archipelago, the widespread neotropical L. crenulata. We targeted three loci of the mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal rDNA gene cistron (mtSSU, nuLSU, ITS) and also performed a molecular clock analysis. Our results show that L. crenulata s. str. is seemingly present in the archipelago based on older herbarium collections. However, Hawaiian Lobariella includes three additional, presumably endemic, species unrelated to L. crenulata and new to science: L. flynniana Lücking, Moncada & C. W. Sm., with richly branched marginal phyllidia giving the thallus a fruticose appearance; L. robusta Lücking, Moncada & C. W. Sm., with a rather thick thallus and abundant, large, laminal phyllidia; and L. sandwicensis Lücking, Moncada & C. W. Sm., with a delicate thallus producing apothecia. Lobariella flynniana represents a novel morphotype within the genus, thus far known only from Hawaii. All three species are very closely related, forming a well-supported, monophyletic clade in spite of their morphological differences, suggesting local micro-radiation. Molecular clock analysis indicates that this clade colonized the islands between 1–8 mya and diverged between 0–2 mya. We interpret recent colonization as one of the main reasons why this clade has not diversified further.

The false click beetles (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae) of Hawai'i

The Hawaiian eucnemid fauna is reviewed. Each of the known species is redescribed along with descriptions of 20 new species. An overview of the distribution as well as any known aspects of natural history are provided for each species, and keys to identify the Hawaiian species are provided. The following 20 new taxa are described: Fornax muonai new species (type locality Hawai'i), Fornax swezeyi new species (Maui), Fornax yoshimotoi new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus acaciakoa new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus breviangularis new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus forbesi new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus halehakuensis new species (Maui), Dromaeolus hardyi new species (Maui), Dromaeolus harryi new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus kokeensis new species (Kaua'i) Dromaeolus leroyi new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus nualoloensis new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus oahuensis new species (O'ahu), Dromaeolus paulayi new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus ruffini new species (Hawai'i), Dromaeolus sandrae new species (Maui), Dromaeolus susanae new species (Kaua'i), Dromaeolus waikapuensis new species (Maui), Dromaeolus youngi new species (Kaua'i) and Dromaeolus zimmermani new species (Kaua'i). Dromaeolus pachyderes var. kauaiensis Sharp is elevated to D. kauaiensis Sharp, new status. Each species is illustrated with a dorsal habitus image and accompanied by a distribution map.

The Australian Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea): A Preliminary Revision

The Australian ciid fauna is revised based on 75 described species (56 of them new) and three undescribed species, placed in 22 genera (nine of them new and nine newly recorded from Australia). The revision is considered preliminary, since about 50 other undescribed Australian species have been seen (usually as uniques or in short series), and it is likely that more will be found with increased intensive collecting. One additional New Caledonian species is also described, and one Cis species is considered to be based on a mislabelled Hawaiian specimen. The subfamily Ciinae, to which all species belong, is described based on adults and larvae, and keys are included to all known Australian genera and described species. Where material has been available, male and female genitalia have been described and many of those illustrated. The following new genera are described: Amphibolocis Lawrence gen. nov., Australocis Lawrence gen. nov., Ctenocis Lawrence gen. nov., Echinocis Lawrence gen. nov., Ditrichocis Lawrence gen. nov., Glyphidope Lawrence gen. nov., Malleecis Lawrence gen. nov., Notapterocis Lawrence gen. nov., Pseudeuxestocis Lawrence gen. nov. The following genera are recorded for the first time from Australia: Acanthocis Miyatake, Ceracis Mellié, Dichodontocis Kawanabe, Ennearthron Mellié, Hadreule Thomson, Neoennearthron Miyatake, Paratrichapus Scott, Scolytocis Blair and Xylographella Miyatake (the last three without described Australian species). The following new species are described (all native to Australia or its territories, unless otherwise indicated): Amphibolocis glabratus Lawrence, sp. nov., Australocis ruber Lawrence, sp. nov., Ceracis christmasensis Lawrence, sp. nov., Cer. communis Lawrence, sp. nov., Cer. divergens Lawrence sp. nov., Cer. fictus Lawrence sp. nov., Cis biconcavus Lawrence & Paviour-Smith, sp. nov., C. bisericeus Lawrence sp. nov., C. blackburni Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. canberrae Lawrence sp. nov., C. capillatus Lawrence sp. nov., C. clypeodentes Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. convexiformis Lawrence sp. nov., C. crassus Lawrence sp. nov., C. deficiens Lawrence sp. nov., C. denticulatus Lawrence sp. nov., C. deserticolus Lawrence sp. nov., C. dissidens Lawrence sp. nov., C. echidnoides Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. eremicus Lawrence sp. nov., C. guangxiensis Lawrence sp. nov. (introduced from China), C. inflatus Lawrence, sp. nov., C. microcerus Lawrence sp. nov., C. minutipunctatus Lawrence sp. nov., C. nitidonotum Lawrence sp. nov., C. obscuronotum Lawrence sp. nov., C. parviniger Lawrence sp. nov., C. planomarginatus Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. simillimus Lawrence sp. nov., C. sordidus Lawrence & Paviour-Smith, sp. nov., C. subglaber Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., C. subparallelus Lawrence sp. nov., C. tasmanorae Lawrence sp. nov., C. tricolor Lawrence sp. nov., C. victoriae Lawrence sp. nov., C. yorkensis Lawrence sp. nov., Ctenocis caledonicus Lawrence sp. nov. (New Caledonia), Ctenocis pectinipes Lawrence & Paviour-Smith sp. nov., Dichodontocis queenslandicus Lawrence sp. nov., Echinocis phellinophilus Lawrence sp. nov., Ennearthron alienindicus Lawrence sp. nov. (introduced from India), Glyphidope simplex Lawrence sp. nov., G. variabilis Lawrence sp. nov., Hadreule australiense Lawrence sp. nov., Malleecis flavus Lawrence sp. nov., Neoennearthron meridionale sp. nov., Notapterocis ellipticus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis globulus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis grossulus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis hirsutulus Lawrence sp. nov., Notapterocis sannio Lawrence sp. nov., Octotemnus ambiguus Lawrence sp. nov., Octotemnus exilis Lawrence sp. nov., Orthocis latemarginatus Lawrence sp. nov., Orthocis quadrimaculatus Lawrence sp. nov., Pseudeuxestocis burwelli Lawrence sp. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Acanthocis armiger (Blair, 1940) (Cis), comb. nov., Ctenocis zeelandicus (Reitter, 1880) (Cis), comb. nov., Ditrichocis pulchellus (Scott, 1926) (Ennearthron), comb. nov., Ditrichocis bifasciatus (Reitter, 1877) (Cis), comb. nov. and Paratrichapus lobipes (Broun, 1895) (Cis), comb. nov. The following synonymies are proposed: Cis recurvatus Broun, 1883 (= Cis victoriensis Blackburn, 1891 syn. nov., = Cis tasmanicus Blair, 1940 syn. n.). The following 13 genera are redescribed: Acanthocis Miyatake, 1955; Ceracis Mellié, 1849; Cis Latreille, 1796; Dichodontocis Kawanabe, 1994; Ennearthron Mellié, 1847; Hadreule Thomson, 1859; Neoennearthron Miyatake, 1954; Octotemnus Mellié, 1847; Orthocis Casey, 1898; Paratrichapus Scott, 1926; Scolytocis Blair, 1928; Xylographella Miyatake, 1985; Xylographus Mellié, 1847. The following 20 species are redescribed: Acanthocis armiger (Blair, 1940); Cis australis Blackburn, 1888; Cis bilamellatus Wood, 1884; Cis cavifrons Blair, 1940; Cis cervus Blair, 1940; Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991; Cis clarki Blair, 1940; Cis fuscipes Mellié, 1849; Cis laminicollis Blair, 1940; Cis recurvatus Broun, 1883; Cis sellatus Blair, 1940; Cis setiferus Blackburn, 1888; Cis walkeri Blair, 1940; Ditrichocis pulchellus (Scott, 1926); Octotemnus dilutipes (Blackburn, 1891); Octotemnus walkeri Blair, 1940; Orthocis aequalis (Blackburn, 1888); Orthocis auriculariae Lawrence, 1991; Orthocis leanus (Blackburn, 1907); Xylographus bynoei Blair, 1940. The introduced species Cis chinensis Lawrence, 1991, and Orthocis auriculariae Lawrence, 1991, are recorded for the first time from Australia. The species Cis adelaidae Blackburn, 1888, is considered to be based on a mislabelled Hawaiian species near Cis setarius Sharp in Blackburn & Sharp, 1885. The name Cis sharpi Lawrence nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for another species in this Hawaiian group: Cis bimaculatus Sharp in Blackburn & Sharp, 1885, not Germain, 1855. Lectotypes are designated for Acanthocis armiger (Blair, 1940), Cis cavifrons Blair, 1940, Cis clarki Blair, 1940, Cis laminicollis Blair, 1940, Cis recurvatus Broun, 1883, Octotemnus walkeri Blair, 1940 and Orthocis leanus (Blackburn, 1907).