scholarly journals TNFαAffects Ciliary Beat Response to Increased Viscosity in Human Pediatric Airway Epithelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia González ◽  
Karla Droguett ◽  
Mariana Rios ◽  
Noam A. Cohen ◽  
Manuel Villalón
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Adenoid Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autoregulatory Mechanism ◽  
Ciliary Beat

In airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance (MCC) velocity depends on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and it is affected by mucus viscoelastic properties. Local inflammation induces secretion of cytokines (TNFα) that can alter mucus viscosity; however airway ciliated cells have an autoregulatory mechanism to prevent the collapse of CBF in response to increase in mucus viscosity, mechanism that is associated with an increment in intracellular Ca+2level (Ca2+i). We studied the effect of TNFαon the autoregulatory mechanism that regulates CBF in response to increased viscosity using dextran solutions, in ciliated cells cultured from human pediatric epithelial adenoid tissue. Cultures were treated with TNFα, before and after the viscous load was changed. TNFαtreatment produced a significantly larger decrease in CBF in cultures exposed to dextran. Furthermore, an increment inCa2+iwas observed, which was significantly larger after TNFαtreatment. In conclusion, although TNFαhas deleterious effects on ciliated cells in response to maintaining CBF after increasing viscous loading, it has a positive effect, since increasingCa2+imay prevent the MCC collapse. These findings suggest that augmented levels of TNFαassociated with an inflammatory response of the nasopharyngeal epithelium may have dual effects that contribute to maintaining the effectiveness of MCC in the upper airways.

Control of the beat cycle of respiratory tract cilia by Ca2+ and cAMP

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. L232-L242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lansley ◽  
M. J. Sanderson ◽  
E. R. Dirksen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Permeabilized Cells ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Beat frequency and the duration of the constituent recovery, effective, and rest phases of the beat cycle of respiratory tract cilia were measured photoelectronically before and after manipulation with ionomycin or isoproterenol. Both ionomycin, acting by increasing intracellular Ca2+, and isoproterenol, acting by elevating intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), increased beat frequency by reducing the duration of the three phases of the ciliary beat cycle in a similar manner. The addition of increasing concentrations of ATP to ciliated cells permeabilized by exposure to saponin caused a pattern of phase reduction indistinguishable from that observed in whole cells. The beat frequency of permeabilized cells was slower than that of whole cells and insensitive to changes in Ca2+ and cAMP. Ca2+ and cAMP may regulate ciliary beat frequency by acting at a common site within intact cells, possibly regulating the rate at which the axoneme can use ATP or the availability of ATP to the axoneme.

Experience in Counting Ciliary Beat Frequency from Vital Cytologic Sampling

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
T. Deitmer ◽  
S. Phadhana-anek
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Good Picture ◽  
Brush Biopsy ◽  
Epithelial Cell Layer ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Ciliary Beat

From a viable cytologic brush biopsy of the respiratory epithelium you can get an insight into the functional state of the epithelial cell layer, especially of the ciliated cells. We report on our experience of several hundred sampling procedures from the nasal and bronchial mucosa. The technique of the method is described, including the microphotometric apparatus to determine the ciliary beat frequency. We stress the importance of checking the ciliary beat frequency of the 10 most active cells of one preparation to get representative results. Futhermore it is decisive to watch them over a period of 10 seconds, considering the time shift of the ciliary beat frequency. Putting the cell solution into a counting chamber gives the possibility of differentiating viable and dead ciliated cells as well as squamous cells in the sample. These results proved to yield a good picture of the functional state of the sampled respiratory mucosal site.

scholarly journals nNOS regulates ciliated cell polarity, ciliary beat frequency, and directional flow in mouse trachea

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e202000981
Author(s):  
Anatoly Mikhailik ◽  
Tatyana V Michurina ◽  
Krikor Dikranian ◽  
Stephen Hearn ◽  
Vladimir I Maxakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
No Donors ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Clearance of the airway is dependent on directional mucus flow across the mucociliary epithelium, and deficient flow is implicated in a range of human disorders. Efficient flow relies on proper polarization of the multiciliated cells and sufficient ciliary beat frequency. We show that NO, produced by nNOS in the multiciliated cells of the mouse trachea, controls both the planar polarity and the ciliary beat frequency and is thereby necessary for the generation of the robust flow. The effect of nNOS on the polarity of ciliated cells relies on its interactions with the apical networks of actin and microtubules and involves RhoA activation. The action of nNOS on the beat frequency is mediated by guanylate cyclase; both NO donors and cGMP can augment fluid flow in the trachea and rescue the deficient flow in nNOS mutants. Our results link insufficient availability of NO in ciliated cells to defects in flow and ciliary activity and may thereby explain the low levels of exhaled NO in ciliopathies.

Plasma and intracellular membrane inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors mediate the Ca2+ increase associated with the ATP-induced increase in ciliary beat frequency

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. C1114-C1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson P. Barrera ◽  
Bernardo Morales ◽  
Manuel Villalón
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Ciliary Beat

An increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) has been shown to be involved in the increase in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in response to ATP; however, the signaling pathways associated with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor-dependent Ca2+ mobilization remain unresolved. Using radioimmunoassay techniques, we have demonstrated the appearance of two IP3 peaks occurring 10 and 60 s after ATP addition, which was strongly correlated with a release of intracellular Ca2+ from internal stores and an influx of extracellular Ca2+, respectively. In addition, ATP-dependent Ca2+ mobilization required protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation. We found an increase in PKC activity in response to ATP, with a peak at 60 s after ATP addition. Xestospongin C, an IP3 receptor blocker, significantly diminished both the ATP-induced increase in CBF and the initial transient [Ca2+]i component. ATP addition in the presence of xestospongin C or thapsigargin revealed that the Ca2+ influx is also dependent on IP3 receptor activation. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopic studies showed the presence of IP3 receptor types 1 and 3 in cultured ciliated cells. Immunogold electron microscopy localized IP3 receptor type 3 to the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and, interestingly, the plasma membrane. In contrast, IP3 receptor type 1 was found exclusively in the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Our study demonstrates for the first time the presence of IP3 receptor type 3 in the plasma membrane in ciliated cells and leads us to postulate that the IP3 receptor can directly trigger Ca2+ influx in response to ATP.

Ethanol stimulates apparent nitric oxide-dependent ciliary beat frequency in bovine airway epithelial cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. L596-L600 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Ciliary Motility ◽  
Ciliary Beat

The mucociliary apparatus of the lung provides an important host-defense function by clearing the upper airway of inhaled particles and infectious microorganisms. Because lung host defenses are impaired in alcoholics, we hypothesized that ethanol would decrease ciliary motility in airway epithelium. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured by videomicroscopy in primary cultures of ciliated bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBECs). Ethanol rapidly stimulated ciliary motility in a time-dependent fashion with concentrations as low as 10 mM. No detectable decreases in ciliary motility were noted until ethanol concentrations exceeded 1,000 mM. Because many substances stimulate ciliary motility by releasing nitric oxide (NO) via upregulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), we preincubated ciliated BBECs with a stereospecific NOS inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). L-NMMA completely blocked ethanol-induced stimulation of CBF, which could be subsequently restored by adding either L-arginine or sodium nitroprusside, which is a direct NO donor. These results indicate that ethanol, at clinically relevant concentrations, stimulates the release of NO by airway epithelium that upregulates ciliary motility. The rapidity of this response suggests upregulation of the constitutive NOS, known to be present in airway epithelium, and may explain the increases in mucociliary clearance observed in previous studies of ethanol ingestion in animals and in humans. These data also suggest a novel signal transduction pathway, the NO/NOS system, by which ethanol may exert some of its diverse biologic effects.

ATP regulation of ciliary beat frequency in rat tracheal and distal airway epithelium

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hayashi ◽  
Manpei Kawakami ◽  
Shinjiro Sasaki ◽  
Takahiro Katsumata ◽  
Hiroshi Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Distal Airway ◽  
Atp Regulation ◽  
Ciliary Beat

The Correlation between Ciliary Ultrastructure and Ciliary Beat Frequency in Experimental Chronic Sinusitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Czaja ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Middle Meatal Antrostomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ciliary Ultrastructure ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities secondary to chronic sinusitis may cause abnormal mucociliary transport clearance. We examined the relationship between anatomic abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure secondary to chronic sinusitis and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) before and after middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) in rabbits. Ultrastructural abnormalities of cilia included absence of axoneme membrane, blebs of the axoneme membrane, compound cilia, and ciliary orientation. Two groups of rabbits were studied: Uninfected (group A control, n = 3) and infected (group B, n = 10); 108 CFU S. pneumoniae were used to infect the animals in group B after sinus ostial occlusion and chronic sinusitis developed. After 6 weeks with infection, 6 of 10 group B animals underwent MMA and were restudied 6 weeks later. Uninfected animals had mean CBF = 11.75 Hz. Animals with chronic sinusitis had mean CBF = 8.5 Hz (p < 0.05). Six weeks after MMA, mean CBF = 11.82 Hz. This was not different from control. There were significant changes in ciliary ultrastructure when uninfected and infected rabbits were compared. These changes were reversed with MMA. Changes in ciliary ultrastructure correlated significantly with changes in CBF for all animals. Abnormalities in ciliary ultrastructure may account for the abnormal mucociliary transport clearance seen in chronic sinusitis in rabbits.

scholarly journals LPS increase of ciliary beat frequency in respiratory ciliated cells.

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Veronica Carreno ◽  
Carmen Llados ◽  
Mariana Rios ◽  
Noam Cohen ◽  
Manuel Villalon
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Ciliary Beat
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