The Correlation between Ciliary Ultrastructure and Ciliary Beat Frequency in Experimental Chronic Sinusitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Czaja ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Middle Meatal Antrostomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ciliary Ultrastructure ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities secondary to chronic sinusitis may cause abnormal mucociliary transport clearance. We examined the relationship between anatomic abnormalities of ciliary ultrastructure secondary to chronic sinusitis and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) before and after middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) in rabbits. Ultrastructural abnormalities of cilia included absence of axoneme membrane, blebs of the axoneme membrane, compound cilia, and ciliary orientation. Two groups of rabbits were studied: Uninfected (group A control, n = 3) and infected (group B, n = 10); 108 CFU S. pneumoniae were used to infect the animals in group B after sinus ostial occlusion and chronic sinusitis developed. After 6 weeks with infection, 6 of 10 group B animals underwent MMA and were restudied 6 weeks later. Uninfected animals had mean CBF = 11.75 Hz. Animals with chronic sinusitis had mean CBF = 8.5 Hz (p < 0.05). Six weeks after MMA, mean CBF = 11.82 Hz. This was not different from control. There were significant changes in ciliary ultrastructure when uninfected and infected rabbits were compared. These changes were reversed with MMA. Changes in ciliary ultrastructure correlated significantly with changes in CBF for all animals. Abnormalities in ciliary ultrastructure may account for the abnormal mucociliary transport clearance seen in chronic sinusitis in rabbits.

Endonasal Sinus Surgery Improves Mucociliary Transport in Severe Chronic Sinusitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernol Hafner ◽  
Spiros Davris ◽  
Herbert Riechelmann ◽  
Wolf J. Mann ◽  
Ronald G. Amedee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Endonasal Sinus Surgery ◽  
Saccharine Test ◽  
Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Respiratory Cells ◽  
Ciliary Beat

A total of 22 patients with extensive chronic sinusitis were examined before and 7.2 ± 1.1 months after microscopic endonasal sinus surgery. Pre- and postoperative nasal mucociliary transport was measured using a modified saccharine test and ciliary beat frequency of nasal respiratory cells using video interference contrast microscopy. In patients suffering from chronic sinusitis, nasal ciliary beat frequency was significantly lower (8.0 ± 1.8 Hz) than in normals (9.5 ± 1.7 Hz, p < 0.02). Following endonasal sinus surgery, ciliary beat frequency in patients with chronic sinusitis remained reduced (8.3 ± 1.2 Hz). Nasal mucociliary transport time was significantly (p < 0.05) longer (20.9 ± 9.4 minutes) in patients with chronic sinusitis than in normals (14.9 ± 8.4 minutes). Nasal mucociliary transport improved significantly (p < 0.05) to 13.8 ± 8.4 minutes in 17 of 22 patients without recurrent sinusitis and remained prolonged (20.6 ± 7.7 minutes) in 5 of 22 patients with recurrent disease. These data suggest that ciliary beat frequency of nasal respiratory cells and nasal mucus transport are impaired in patients suffering from chronic sinusitis. After microscopic endonasal sinus surgery, impaired mucociliary transport is improved, and ciliary beat frequency remains lower than in normals.

Reversibility of Abnormal Mucociliary Clearance in Experimental Chronic Sinusitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Czaja ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Group A ◽  
Mucociliary Function ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Normal mucociliary clearance in the paranasal sinuses must be restored to reverse the effects of chronic sinusitis. This study examined effects of middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) on ciliary beat frequency (CBF), mucociliary transport (MCT) velocity, MCT patterns, and histology of sinus mucosa in rabbits with chronic sinusitis to determine whether objective measures of mucociliary function and histology could be reversed. Two groups of rabbits were compared: uninfected (Group A controls, n = 9) and infected (Group B, n = 11). Maxillary sinus ostia were occluded; 108 cfu of Streptococcus pneumoniae were inoculated into sinuses of rabbits in group B, and chronic sinusitis developed. This was confirmed by histopathology and culture 6 weeks after infection. Middle meatal antrostomies were performed in the infected group, and sinuses were studied 6 weeks later. Control animals (Group A) had mean CBF = 11.5 Hz (±.39 Hz). Animals with chronic sinusitis (Group B) had mean CBF = 8.6 Hz (±.24 Hz). This was statistically different from control (P < 0.05). Six weeks following MMA, group B had mean CBF = 12.9 Hz (±.75 Hz). This was not different from control. There were changes in MCT velocity that correlated with the CBF (r = 0.72). Examination of MCT patterns after MMA demonstrated minimal pooling and stagnation; however, small areas of misdirected flow persisted. After MMA, there were decreased numbers of inflammatory and goblet cells and increased numbers of ciliated epithelial cells. This study demonstrated that mucociliary clearance and histological changes seen in rabbits with chronic sinusitis are reversed by MMA.

Correlations among Mucociliary Transport, Ciliary Function, and Ciliary Structure

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jorissen
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Mucociliary transport is one of the most important defense mechanisms of the airway. Mucociliary transport time or rate, as measured using the saccharin test or the radioisotope technique, respectively, is clinically the most relevant parameter, although subject to large intra- and interindividual variability. There is no correlation between mucociliary transport in vivo and ciliary beat frequency ex vivo. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that mucociliary transport correlates with ciliary structure and orientation as investigated with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A correlation is presented between ciliary beat frequency and secondary ciliary abnormalities. This correlation can best be described according to the logistic sigmoid model (r = 0.69). Based on these functional data, an ultrastructural distinction is proposed among normal (less than 5%), light (5 to 15%), moderate (15 to 25%), and severe (more than 25%) secondary ciliary dyskinesia.

Luffa Operculata Affects Mucociliary Function of the Isolated Frog Palate

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Aidar Menon-Miyake ◽  
Regiani Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva ◽  
Ossamu Butugan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Transport Velocity ◽  
Mucociliary Function ◽  
Frog Palate ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Background Luffa operculata is a medicinal plant used in homeopathic and alternative medicine. In the United States, it is sold in a purified spray form, whereas a homemade L. operculata dry fruit infusion (DFI) is commonly used in Latin America. The L. operculata DFI is applied intranasally, inducing profuse mucous secretion and relieving nasal symptoms. Nevertheless, this medication may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, as well as epistaxis or anosmia. Given the growing popularity of alternative medicine, a decision was made to evaluate the effects of this substance on mucous membranes. Methods The effects of L. operculata DFI on mucociliary transport velocity, ciliary beat frequency, and transepithelial potential difference (PD) were evaluated in an isolated frog palate preparation. We tested 46 palates immediately before immersion and again at 5 and 20 minutes after immersion. Four groups (n = 10) were tested in frog Ringer: control; L. operculata DFI, 60 mg/L; 600 mg/L; and 1200 mg/L. An additional group was tested using L. operculata DFI prepared with water (600 mg/L of H2O, n = 6). Epithelial samples were harvested for ultrastructural study. Results In treated palates, mucociliary transport velocity and ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.008, respectively). There was a dose-dependent decrease in PD modulus (p < .007). Our PD findings indicated ion-fluid transport abnormalities, which were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that showed enlargement of interepithelial spaces. Conclusion In this ex vivo model, the L. operculata DFI infusion promoted significant changes in the mucociliary function of the epithelium, suggesting that it is potentially noxious to human nasal mucosa.

Nasal Mucociliary Transport: New Evidence for a Key Role of Ciliary Beat Frequency

2002 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbert M. Boek ◽  
Kees Graamans ◽  
Hanny Natzijl ◽  
Peter P. van Rijk ◽  
Egbert H. Huizing
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Control of the beat cycle of respiratory tract cilia by Ca2+ and cAMP

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. L232-L242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lansley ◽  
M. J. Sanderson ◽  
E. R. Dirksen
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Permeabilized Cells ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Phase Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Beat frequency and the duration of the constituent recovery, effective, and rest phases of the beat cycle of respiratory tract cilia were measured photoelectronically before and after manipulation with ionomycin or isoproterenol. Both ionomycin, acting by increasing intracellular Ca2+, and isoproterenol, acting by elevating intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), increased beat frequency by reducing the duration of the three phases of the ciliary beat cycle in a similar manner. The addition of increasing concentrations of ATP to ciliated cells permeabilized by exposure to saponin caused a pattern of phase reduction indistinguishable from that observed in whole cells. The beat frequency of permeabilized cells was slower than that of whole cells and insensitive to changes in Ca2+ and cAMP. Ca2+ and cAMP may regulate ciliary beat frequency by acting at a common site within intact cells, possibly regulating the rate at which the axoneme can use ATP or the availability of ATP to the axoneme.

scholarly journals TNFαAffects Ciliary Beat Response to Increased Viscosity in Human Pediatric Airway Epithelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia González ◽  
Karla Droguett ◽  
Mariana Rios ◽  
Noam A. Cohen ◽  
Manuel Villalón
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Adenoid Tissue ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autoregulatory Mechanism ◽  
Ciliary Beat

In airway epithelium, mucociliary clearance (MCC) velocity depends on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and it is affected by mucus viscoelastic properties. Local inflammation induces secretion of cytokines (TNFα) that can alter mucus viscosity; however airway ciliated cells have an autoregulatory mechanism to prevent the collapse of CBF in response to increase in mucus viscosity, mechanism that is associated with an increment in intracellular Ca+2level (Ca2+i). We studied the effect of TNFαon the autoregulatory mechanism that regulates CBF in response to increased viscosity using dextran solutions, in ciliated cells cultured from human pediatric epithelial adenoid tissue. Cultures were treated with TNFα, before and after the viscous load was changed. TNFαtreatment produced a significantly larger decrease in CBF in cultures exposed to dextran. Furthermore, an increment inCa2+iwas observed, which was significantly larger after TNFαtreatment. In conclusion, although TNFαhas deleterious effects on ciliated cells in response to maintaining CBF after increasing viscous loading, it has a positive effect, since increasingCa2+imay prevent the MCC collapse. These findings suggest that augmented levels of TNFαassociated with an inflammatory response of the nasopharyngeal epithelium may have dual effects that contribute to maintaining the effectiveness of MCC in the upper airways.

Mucociliary Clearance in Experimental Chronic Sinusitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Czaja ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Photometric Technique ◽  
Transport Patterns

Abnormal mucociliary clearance in the paranasal sinuses is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of sinusitis. This study examined effects of chronic sinusitis on ciliary beat frequency (CBF), mucociliary transport (MCT) velocity, mucociliary transport patterns, and histology of sinus mucosa in rabbits. Two groups of rabbits were studied: uninfected (n = 9) and infected (n = 18). Maxillary sinus ostia in all animals were occluded, and sinuses in the infected group were inoculated with 108 cfu of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Chronic sinusitis developed over 6 weeks and was confirmed by histopathology and culture. Evaluation of the MCT mechanism included 1) measurement of CBF using a photometric technique, 2) direct measurement of MCT velocity, and 3) analysis of MCT patterns with inert India ink. In seven of nine (77.8%) uninfected animals, the mean CBF was 11.5 Hz (±.39 Hz) initially and 11.3 Hz (±.32 Hz) 6 weeks after occlusion (P = 0.69). MCT velocity measured 20.6 mm/min (±1.40 mm/min) initially and 16.85 mm/min (±1.96 mm/min) 6 weeks after occlusion (P = 0.16). In the infected group, there were statistically significant decreases in CBF (P < 0.05) and measured MCT velocity (P < 0.05). Examination of MCT in infected animals showed patterns of misdirected flow, pooling, and stagnation. Histopathologic changes included significant losses of ciliated epithelium and mucosal abnormalities consistent with chronic sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis secondary to long-standing bacterial infection leads to alterations in CBF, MCT velocity, and MCT patterns in the paranasal sinuses of rabbits.

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