scholarly journals Research on Application of Wax Deposition Detection in the Nonmetallic Pipeline Based on Electrical Capacitance Tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Xiangdong Yang ◽  
Mingchen Cao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Binary Images ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research On Application ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Wax deposition detection in nonmetallic pipelines is an important requirement in the oil industry. In this paper, an ECT (electrical capacitance tomography) sensor is developed for wax deposition detection in nonmetallic pipelines. Four wax models with different concentrations were established for detection. These models were analyzed through simulations and practical experiments simultaneously and data were compared. A linear back projection algorithm is applied to reconstruct the image with both simulated and experimental data. A comparison of binary images with different concentration of stratified flow was demonstrated; this illustrates that the difference in concentration between the experimental results and profile distribution is less than 1.2%. The experimental results indicate that the ECT system is valid and feasible for detecting the degree of wax deposition in the nonmetallic pipelines.

scholarly journals Multiphase permittivity imaging using absolute value electrical capacitance tomography data and a level set algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2070) ◽  
pp. 20150332 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Al Hosani ◽  
M. Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Multiphase flow imaging is a very challenging and critical topic in industrial process tomography. In this article, simulation and experimental results of reconstructing the permittivity profile of multiphase material from data collected in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) are presented. A multiphase narrowband level set algorithm is developed to reconstruct the interfaces between three- or four-phase permittivity values. The level set algorithm is capable of imaging multiphase permittivity by using one set of ECT measurement data, so-called absolute value ECT reconstruction, and this is tested with high-contrast and low-contrast multiphase data. Simulation and experimental results showed the superiority of this algorithm over classical pixel-based image reconstruction methods. The multiphase level set algorithm and absolute ECT reconstruction are presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this paper and critically evaluated. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Supersensing through industrial process tomography’.

scholarly journals Electrical capacitance tomography two-phase oil-gas pipe flow imaging by the linear back-projection algorithm

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
J. C. Gamio ◽  
C. Ortíz-Alemán ◽  
R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Projection Algorithm ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Linear Back Projection ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Oil Gas

La Tomografía de Capacitancia Eléctrica (TCE) es una nueva tecnología capaz de lidiar con la complejidad de la medición de flujos bifásicos de gas-aceite, derivando la distribución de componentes en dos planos adyacentes a lo largo de un ducto. Una de sus aplicaciones más prometedoras es la visualización de flujos de gas y aceite. TCE ofrece algunas ventajas sobre otras modalidades tomográficas: no hay radiación, una respuesta rápida, bajo costo, es una técnica no intrusiva y no invasiva, y la posibilidad de operar con altas temperaturas y altas presiones. El método denominado "linear back-projection (LBP)" es una de las técnicas más populares que se emplean en la reconstrucción de imágenes a partir de datos de tomografía de capacitancia eléctrica. A pesar de su pobre exactitud, es un procedimiento simple y rápido capaz de operar en tiempo real en muchas aplicaciones y ha permanecido como una opción muy popular. Sin embargo, desde que fue propuesto por vez primera ha carecido de un suporte formal, en el contexto de esta aplicación. Su única justificación radica en que es una adaptación de un método comúnmente empleado en la tomografía médica de rayos X, así como en el hecho de que produce imágenes útiles (aunque sólo "cualitativamente" buenas). En este trabajo se presenta una forma ilustrativa de interpretar el método LBP. Se muestra cómo el método LBP está basado en la linealización de una forma normalizada del problema directo. Más específicamente, el problema directo normalizado se aproxima mediante una serie de hiperplanos. La matriz de reconstrucción utilizada en el método LBP resulta ser una transpuesta "ponderada" del operador lineal (matriz) que define el problema directo normalizado. Los renglones de esta última matriz contienen la información de los mapas de sensitividades empleados en el método LBP.

DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY SENSOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Masturah ◽  
MHF Rahiman ◽  
Zulkarnay Zakaria ◽  
AR Rahim ◽  
NM Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Fluid Imaging

This paper discussed the design–functionality and application of Flexible Electrical Capacitance Tomography sensor (FlexiECT). The sensors consist of 12 electrodes allocated surrounding the outer layer of the pipeline. The sensor is designed in such that the flexibility features suit the applications in the pipeline of multiple size. This paper also discussed the preliminary result of FlexiECT applications in fluid imaging by identifying the percentage of two mixing fluids.

Dynamic water fill level measurement using a phantom-dependent adaptive electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kandlbinder-Paret ◽  
Alice Fischerauer ◽  
Gerhard Fischerauer
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Measurements ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Fill Level ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Low Permittivity ◽  
Adaptation Scheme

Abstract In electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), the resolution of the reconstructed permittivity distribution improves with the number of electrodes used whereas the number of capacitance measurements and the measurement time increases with the number of electrodes. To cope with this tradeoff, we present a phantom-dependent adaptation scheme in which coarse measurements are performed with terminal electrodes interconnected to form a synthetic electrode ring with fewer but larger electrodes. The concept was tested by observing the sloshing of water inside a pipe. We compare the reconstructed results based on eight synthetic electrodes, on 16 elementary electrodes, and on the adaptation scheme involving both the eight synthetic electrodes and some of the elementary capacitances. The reconstruction used the projected Landweber algorithm for capacitances determined by a finite-element simulation and for measured capacitances. The results contain artefacts attributed to the influence of the high permittivity of water compared to the low permittivity of the pipe wall. The adaptation scheme leads to nearly the same information as a full measurement of all 120 elementary capacitances but only requires the measurement of 30 % fewer capacitances. By detecting the fill level using a tomometric method, it can be determined within an uncertainty of 5 % FS.

Image Fusion of ECT/ERT for Oil-Gas-Water Three-Phase Flow

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Three Phase Flow ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Image Fusion Method

The tomographic imaging of process parameters for oil-gas-water three-phase flow can be obtained through different sensing modalities, such as electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), both of which are sensitive to specific properties of the objects to be imaged. However, it is hard to discriminate oil, gas and water phases merely from reconstructed images of ERT or ECT. In this paper, the feasibility of image fusion based on ERT and ECT reconstructed images was investigated for oil-gas-water three-phase flow. Two cases were discussed and pixel-based image fusion method was presented. Simulation results showed that the cross-sectional reconstruction images of oil-gas-water three-phase flow can be obtained using the presented methods.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Multilayer Sensor Structure for Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kowalska ◽  
Robert Banasiak ◽  
Andrzej Romanowski ◽  
Dominik Sankowski
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Test ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Internal Measurement ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Presently, Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is positioned as a relatively mature and inexpensive tool for the diagnosis of non-conductive industrial processes. For most industrial applications, a hand-made approach for an ECT sensor and its 3D extended structure fabrication is used. Moreover, a hand-made procedure is often inaccurate, complicated, and time-consuming. Another drawback is that a hand-made ECT sensor’s geometrical parameters, mounting base profile thickness, and electrode array shape usually depends on the structure of industrial test objects, tanks, and containers available on the market. Most of the traditionally fabricated capacitance tomography sensors offer external measurements only with electrodes localized outside of the test object. Although internal measurement is possible, it is often difficult to implement. This leads to limited in-depth scanning abilities and poor sensitivity distribution of traditionally fabricated ECT sensors. In this work we propose, demonstrate, and validate experimentally a new 3D ECT sensor fabrication process. The proposed solution uses a computational workflow that incorporates both 3D computer modeling and 3D-printing techniques. Such a 3D-printed structure can be of any shape, and the electrode layout can be easily fitted to a broad range of industrial applications. A developed solution offers an internal measurement due to negligible thickness of sensor mount base profile. This paper analyses and compares measurement capabilities of a traditionally fabricated 3D ECT sensor with novel 3D-printed design. The authors compared two types of the 3D ECT sensors using experimental capacitance measurements for a set of low-contrast and high-contrast permittivity distribution phantoms. The comparison demonstrates advantages and benefits of using the new 3D-printed spatial capacitance sensor regarding the significant fabrication time reduction as well as the improvement of overall measurement accuracy and stability.

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