Neural Network Underlying Recovery from Disowned Bodily States Induced by the Rubber Hand Illusion

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate how causal influences between brain regions during the rubber hand illusion (RHI) are modulated by tactile and visual stimuli. We applied needle rotations during the RHI in two different ways: one was with the real hand (reinstantiation by tactile stimuli, R-TS) and the other was with the rubber hand (reinstantiation by visual stimuli, R-VS). We used dynamic causal modeling to investigate interactions among four relevant brain regions: the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), and the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOC). The tactile aspects of needle rotations changed the effective connectivity by directly influencing activity in the SII, whereas visual aspects of needle rotation changed the effective connectivity by influencing both the SII and the LOC. The endogenous connectivity parameters between the IPS and the PMv were reduced significantly in the R-TS condition. The modulatory parameters between the IPS and the PMv were enhanced significantly in the R-TS condition. The connectivity patterns driven by disowned bodily states could be differentially modulated by tactile and visual afferent inputs. Effective connectivity between the parietal and frontal multimodal areas may play important roles in the reinstantiation of body ownership.

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Direct Electrophysiological Correlates of Body Ownership in Human Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhy285 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1328-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Arvid Guterstam ◽

Kelly L Collins ◽

Jeneva A Cronin ◽

Hugo Zeberg ◽

Felix Darvas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Neuronal Firing ◽

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Rubber Hand ◽

Functional Roles ◽

Neuronal Firing Rate ◽

Electrophysiological Characterization

Abstract Over the past decade, numerous neuroimaging studies based on hemodynamic markers of brain activity have examined the feeling of body ownership using perceptual body-illusions in humans. However, the direct electrophysiological correlates of body ownership at the cortical level remain unexplored. To address this, we studied the rubber hand illusion in 5 patients (3 males and 2 females) implanted with intracranial electrodes measuring cortical surface potentials. Increased high-γ (70–200 Hz) activity, an index of neuronal firing rate, in premotor and intraparietal cortices reflected the feeling of ownership. In both areas, high-γ increases were intimately coupled with the subjective illusion onset and sustained both during and in-between touches. However, intraparietal activity was modulated by tactile stimulation to a higher degree than the premotor cortex through effective connectivity with the hand-somatosensory cortex, which suggests different functional roles. These findings constitute the first intracranial electrophysiological characterization of the rubber hand illusion and extend our understanding of the dynamic mechanisms of body ownership.

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Self-body recognition through a mirror: Easing spatial-consistency requirements for rubber hand illusion

10.1101/691634 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hikaru Hasegawa ◽

Shogo Okamoto ◽

Ken Ito ◽

Masayuki Hara ◽

Noriaki Kanayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Cues ◽

Mirror Image ◽

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Rubber Hand ◽

Subjective Evaluations ◽

Spatial Consistency ◽

Tactile Stimuli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Body Recognition

AbstractTypical experiments to induce the rubber hand illusion (RHI) require experimental participants to gaze at a fake hand while tactile stimuli are provided to both the fake and hidden actual hands in a synchronous manner. However, under such conditions, postural and apparent disagreement between a seen fake hand and hidden actual hand prevents illusory body ownership. Provided that humans recognize mirror images as copies of the real world in spite of their spatial uncertainties or incongruence, the sensory disagreement may be accepted in RHI settings if using a mirror to show a fake hand. The present study performed two experiments to reveal how self-body recognition of a fake hand feature via mirror affects the RHI. These experiments were conducted in an RHI environment involving voluntary hand movements to investigate not only body ownership but also agency. The first experiment (Experiment 1) examined whether illusory ownership of a fake hand seen in a mirror could be induced. Then, we examined whether the RHI using a mirror image allows disagreement in orientation between the rubber and actual hands (Experiment 2). Subjective evaluations using a RHI questionnaire demonstrated that evoked embodiment of the rubber hand was stronger in the presence of a mirror than in the absence of it (Experiment 1) and that participants experienced the RHI even if the actual and rubber hands were incongruent in terms of orientation (45 °; Experiment 2). No significant difference was found in the change of perceived finger location (proprioceptive drift) between these experiments. These findings suggest that the use of a mirror masks subtle spatial incongruency or degrades the contribution of visual cues for spatial recognition and facilitates multisensory integration for bodily illusions.

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The Role of the Cerebellum in Dynamic Changes of the Sense of Body Ownership: A Study in Patients with Cerebellar Degeneration

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_00522 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 712-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mirta Fiorio ◽

Caterina Mariotti ◽

Marta Panzeri ◽

Emanuele Antonello ◽

Joseph Classen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebellar Ataxia ◽

Subjective Experience ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

The Body ◽

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Subjective Feeling ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Rubber Hand ◽

Proprioceptive Drift

The sense of the body is deeply rooted in humans, and it can be experimentally manipulated by inducing illusions in at least two aspects: a subjective feeling of ownership and a proprioceptive sense of limb position. Previous studies mapped these different aspects onto anatomically distinct neuronal regions, with the ventral premotor cortex processing subjective experience of ownership and the inferior parietal lobule processing proprioceptive calibration. Lines of evidence suggest an involvement also of the cerebellum, but its precise role is not clear yet. To investigate the contribution of the cerebellum in the sense of body ownership, we applied the rubber-hand illusion paradigm in 28 patients affected by neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxia, selectively involving the cerebellum, and in 26 age-matched control participants. The rubber hand illusion is established by synchronous stroking of the participants' real unseen hand and a visible fake hand. Short asynchronous stroking does not bring about the illusion. We tested the subjective experience of the illusion, evaluated through a questionnaire and the proprioceptive drift of the real unseen hand toward the viewed rubber hand. In patients with cerebellar ataxia, we observed reduced sense of the subjective illusory experience specifically after synchronous stroking. In contrast, the proprioceptive drift was enhanced after synchronous and after asynchronous stimulation. These findings support the contention that the mechanisms underlying the presence of the illusion and the proprioceptive drift may be differently affected in different conditions. Impairment of the subjective sense of the illusion in cerebellar patients might hint at an involvement of cerebellar-premotor networks, whereas the proprioceptive drift typically associated with synchronous stroking appears to rely on other circuits, likely involving the cerebellum and the parietal regions.

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Age-related changes in the sense of body ownership: New insights from the rubber hand illusion

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0207528 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0207528 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angela Marotta ◽

Massimiliano Zampini ◽

Michele Tinazzi ◽

Mirta Fiorio

Keyword(s):

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Rubber Hand ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

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Multisensory integration underlying body-ownership experiences in schizophrenia and offspring of patients: a study using the rubber hand illusion paradigm

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience ◽

10.1503/jpn.180049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Merel Prikken ◽

Anouk van der Weiden ◽

Heleen Baalbergen ◽

Manon H.J. Hillegers ◽

René S. Kahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multisensory Integration ◽

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Body Ownership ◽

Rubber Hand

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Altered Prefrontal–Basal Ganglia Effective Connectivity in Patients With Poststroke Cognitive Impairment

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.577482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhang ◽

Zixiao Li ◽

Xingxing Cao ◽

Lijun Zuo ◽

Wei Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Neuronal Model ◽

Causal Modeling ◽

Healthy Controls

We investigated the association between poststroke cognitive impairment and a specific effective network connectivity in the prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit. The resting-state effective connectivity of this circuit was modeled by employing spectral dynamic causal modeling in 11 poststroke patients with cognitive impairment (PSCI), 8 poststroke patients without cognitive impairment (non-PSCI) at baseline and 3-month follow-up, and 28 healthy controls. Our results showed that different neuronal models of effective connectivity in the prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit were observed among healthy controls, non-PSCI, and PSCI patients. Additional connected paths (extra paths) appeared in the neuronal models of stroke patients compared with healthy controls. Moreover, changes were detected in the extra paths of non-PSCI between baseline and 3-month follow-up poststroke, indicating reorganization in the ipsilesional hemisphere and suggesting potential compensatory changes in the contralesional hemisphere. Furthermore, the connectivity strengths of the extra paths from the contralesional ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus to caudate correlated significantly with cognitive scores in non-PSCI and PSCI patients. These suggest that the neuronal model of effective connectivity of the prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit may be sensitive to stroke-induced cognitive decline, and it could be a biomarker for poststroke cognitive impairment 3 months poststroke. Importantly, contralesional brain regions may play an important role in functional compensation of cognitive decline.

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Dynamic causal modeling of touch-evoked potentials in the rubber hand illusion

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 138 ◽

pp. 266-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Daniel Zeller ◽

Karl J. Friston ◽

Joseph Classen

Keyword(s):

Evoked Potentials ◽

Causal Modeling ◽

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Dynamic Causal Modeling ◽

Rubber Hand

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Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Over Ventral Premotor Cortex or Inferior Parietal Lobule Does Not Enhance the Rubber Hand Illusion

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2018.00870 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alessandro Mioli ◽

Marco D’Alonzo ◽

Giovanni Pellegrino ◽

Domenico Formica ◽

Giovanni Di Pino

Keyword(s):

Premotor Cortex ◽

Rubber Hand Illusion ◽

Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽

Theta Burst Stimulation ◽

Burst Stimulation ◽

Rubber Hand ◽

Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽

Parietal Lobule ◽

Theta Burst

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Atypical Effects of Visual Interference on Tactile Temporal Order Judgment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Multisensory Research ◽

10.1163/22134808-bja10033 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Makoto Wada ◽

Hanako Ikeda ◽

Shinichiro Kumagaya

Keyword(s):

Temporal Order ◽

Temporal Order Judgment ◽

Multisensory Processing ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Rubber Hand ◽

Tactile Stimuli ◽

Visual Interference ◽

Tactile Temporal Order Judgment

Abstract Visual distractors interfere with tactile temporal order judgment (TOJ) at moderately short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) in typically developing participants. Presentation of a rubber hand in a forward direction to the participant’s hand enhances this effect, while that in an inverted direction weakens the effect. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have atypical multisensory processing; however, effects of interferences on atypical multisensory processing in ASD remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of visual interference on tactile TOJ in individuals with ASD. Two successive tactile stimuli were delivered to the index and ring fingers of a participant’s right hand in an opaque box. A rubber hand was placed on the box in a forward or inverted direction. Concurrently, visual stimuli provided by light-emitting diodes on the fingers of the rubber hand were delivered in a congruent or incongruent order. Participants were required to judge the temporal order of the tactile stimuli regardless of visual distractors. In the absence of a visual stimulus, participants with ASD tended to judge the simultaneous stimuli as the ring finger being stimulated first during tactile TOJ compared with typically developing (TD) controls, and congruent visual stimuli eliminated the bias. When incongruent visual stimuli were delivered, judgment was notably reversed in participants with ASD, regardless of the direction of the rubber hand. The findings demonstrate that there are considerable effects of visual interferences on tactile TOJ in individuals with ASD.

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