scholarly journals Cortical Reorganization following Injury Early in Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moran Artzi ◽  
Shelly Irene Shiran ◽  
Maya Weinstein ◽  
Vicki Myers ◽  
Ricardo Tarrasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Loss

The brain has a remarkable capacity for reorganization following injury, especially during the first years of life. Knowledge of structural reorganization and its consequences following perinatal injury is sparse. Here we studied changes in brain tissue volume, morphology, perfusion, and integrity in children with hemiplegia compared to typically developing children, using MRI. Children with hemiplegia demonstrated reduced total cerebral volume, with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and reduced total white matter volumes, with no differences in total gray matter volume, compared to typically developing children. An increase in cortical thickness at the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion (CLH) was detected in motor and language areas, which may reflect compensation for the gray matter loss in the lesion area or retention of ipsilateral pathways. In addition, reduced cortical thickness, perfusion, and surface area were detected in limbic areas. Increased CSF volume and precentral cortical thickness and reduced white matter volume were correlated with worse motor performance. Brain reorganization of the gray matter within the CLH, while not necessarily indicating better outcome, is suggested as a response to neuronal deficits following injury early in life.

Longitudinal assessment of subcortical gray matter volume, cortical thickness, and white matter integrity in HIV-positive patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Goulart Corrêa ◽  
Nicolle Zimmermann ◽  
Gustavo Tukamoto ◽  
Thomas Doring ◽  
Nina Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Matter Volume

Cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter anisotropy and diffusivity in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuho Murakami ◽  
Hidemasa Takao ◽  
Osamu Abe ◽  
Hidenori Yamasue ◽  
Hiroki Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Anisotropy

589. Influence of Sex and Pubertal Status on Regional Gray Matter Volume in Typically-Developing Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. S238
Author(s):  
Jordan Barone ◽  
Katherine M. Reding ◽  
Shau-Ming Wei ◽  
J. Shane Kippenhan ◽  
Tiffany A. Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Effects of theBDNFVal66Met Polymorphism on Gray Matter Volume in Typically Developing Children and Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Hashimoto ◽  
Kento Fukui ◽  
Hikaru Takeuchi ◽  
Susumu Yokota ◽  
Yoshie Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Topographic patterns of white matter hyperintensities are associated with multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malo Gaubert ◽  
Catharina Lange ◽  
Antoine Garnier-Crussard ◽  
Theresa Köbe ◽  
Salma Bougacha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Abstract Background White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Commonly considered as a marker of cerebrovascular disease, regional WMH may be related to pathological hallmarks of AD, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the regional distribution of WMH associated with Aβ burden, glucose hypometabolism, and gray matter volume reduction. Methods In a total of 155 participants (IMAP+ cohort) across the cognitive continuum from normal cognition to AD dementia, FLAIR MRI, AV45-PET, FDG-PET, and T1 MRI were acquired. WMH were automatically segmented from FLAIR images. Mean levels of neocortical Aβ deposition (AV45-PET), temporo-parietal glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), and medial-temporal gray matter volume (GMV) were extracted from processed images using established AD meta-signature templates. Associations between AD brain biomarkers and WMH, as assessed in region-of-interest and voxel-wise, were examined, adjusting for age, sex, education, and systolic blood pressure. Results There were no significant associations between global Aβ burden and region-specific WMH. Voxel-wise WMH in the splenium of the corpus callosum correlated with greater Aβ deposition at a more liberal threshold. Region- and voxel-based WMH in the posterior corpus callosum, along with parietal, occipital, and frontal areas, were associated with lower temporo-parietal glucose metabolism. Similarly, lower medial-temporal GMV correlated with WMH in the posterior corpus callosum in addition to parietal, occipital, and fontal areas. Conclusions This study demonstrates that local white matter damage is correlated with multimodal brain biomarkers of AD. Our results highlight modality-specific topographic patterns of WMH, which converged in the posterior white matter. Overall, these cross-sectional findings corroborate associations of regional WMH with AD-typical Aß deposition and neurodegeneration.

CHARACTERIZATION OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, GRAY MATTER VOLUME AND WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE IN COGNITIVELY UNIMPAIRED ADULTS WITH INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. P207-P209
Author(s):  
Oriol Grau-Rivera ◽  
Grégory Operto ◽  
Carles Falcon ◽  
Raffaele Cacciaglia ◽  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Association of Age at Onset With Gray Matter Volume and White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012869
Author(s):  
Raffaello Bonacchi ◽  
Alessandro Meani ◽  
Elisabetta Pagani ◽  
Olga Marchesi ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matter Volume

Objective:To investigate whether age at onset influences brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, given its influence on clinical phenotype and disease course.Method:In this hypothesis-driven cross-sectional study, we enrolled 67 pediatric-onset MS (POMS) patients and 143 sex- and disease duration (DD)-matched randomly-selected adult-onset MS (AOMS) patients, together with 208 healthy controls. All subjects underwent neurological evaluation and 3T MRI acquisition. MRI variables were standardized based on healthy controls, to remove effects of age and sex. Associations with DD in POMS and AOMS patients were studied with linear models. Time to reach clinical and MRI milestones was assessed with product-limit approach.Results:At DD=1 year, GMV and WM fractional anisotropy (FA) were abnormal in AOMS but not in POMS patients. Significant interaction of age at onset (POMS vs AOMS) into the association with DD was found for GMV and WM FA. The crossing point of regression lines in POMS and AOMS patients was at 20 years of DD for GMV and 14 for WM FA. For POMS and AOMS patients, median DD was 29 and 19 years to reach Expanded Disability Status Scale=3 (p<0.001), 31 and 26 years to reach abnormal Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-3 (p=0.01), 24 and 18 years to reach abnormal GMV (p=0.04), and 19 and 17 years to reach abnormal WM FA (p=0.36).Conclusions:Younger patients are initially resilient to MS-related damage. Then, compensatory mechanisms start failing with loss of WM integrity, followed by GM atrophy and finally disability.

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