scholarly journals Cephalometric Analysis for Gender Determination Using Maxillary Sinus Index: A Novel Dimension in Personal Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Khaitan ◽  
Arpita Kabiraj ◽  
Uday Ginjupally ◽  
Ritika Jain
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Sinus Radiography

Purpose. Radiography is important in forensic odontology for the identification of humans. The maxillary sinus is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and first to develop. Sinus radiography has been used for identification of skeletal remains and determination of gender. Hence, the aim and objectives of the present study were to establish a new method for gender determination using maxillary sinus index from lateral cephalometric radiographs and to establish the reliability of maxillary sinus for gender determination. Methods. A total of 50 adult digital lateral cephalometric radiographs (25 males and 25 females) were included in the study. The maxillary sinus analysis was performed on these radiographs using the height and width measurement tools of Sidexis XG software. Maxillary sinus index was calculated, discriminant function analysis performed, and discriminant equation derived for determination of gender. Results. The mean maxillary sinus height and width were found to be higher in males, whereas the maxillary sinus index was greater in females. The discriminant function analysis derived in the study was able to differentiate the sex groups with sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 76%. Conclusions. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that morphometric analysis of maxillary sinus can be used as a reliable tool in gender determination.

Sex estimation from the femur using discriminant function analysis in a Central Indian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Preetika M Chatterjee ◽  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
RK Singh ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Central India ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Major Factors

Sexual dimorphism is one of the major factors responsible for apparent variations in human skeletal anatomy. Establishing the biological profile of the deceased is essential for personal identification in forensic and archaeological casework. To develop a reliable biological profile, sex allocation is an integral step required to determine age, race/ancestry and stature, given observable differences in aging and growth patterns and variations in morphological traits relating to ancestry. Sex estimation from long bones by visual examination is very difficult. However, metric observations are more objective and effective. This osteometric analysis focused on sex estimation from the femur using discriminant function analysis. Fourteen measurements were taken directly on 175 dry femora (117 males and 58 females), aged 20–60 years, from the Chhattisgarh region of Central India. Student’s t-test was applied to assess significant sex and size differences. Direct and stepwise discriminant function analyses were applied to derive discriminant function models for sex estimation. The three parameters that were selected for the discriminant function analysis included: transverse head diameter, bi-trochanteric distance and maximum shaft diameter. Males were more accurately classified than females. An overall accuracy of 80.6% was reported with direct discriminant function analysis and 76% with stepwise discriminant function analysis upon cross-validation. The transverse head diameter emerged to be the best predictor of sex. This study provides a database and standards for sex estimation from skeletal remains of an unknown nature based on discriminant function equations. This is one of the few studies conducted in India on dry bones, and we anticipate that it will guide forensic specialists in the identification of unknown skeletons from this region.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE GENDER FROM THE LENGTH OF SKULL SUTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Tiwari ◽  
Avinash Thakur ◽  
Murali Lalwani
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Minimum Age

Background: Determination of the identity of an unknown dead body is one of the most important medico-legal roles of forensic medicine. The present study aimed to determine the gender of the deceased body using the length of the skull sutures. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of forensic medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal between the periods of January 2016-June 2017. A total of 500 dead bodies were examined for this study. We utilized the discriminant function analysis to predict a relationship between the gender and the independent variables viz. skull sutures. Results: Maximum numbers of the case belonged to 20‐29 years age group and the least were in >70 age group.  The minimum age of any case was 20 years and the maximum age was 89 years, mean of age was 38.07(standard deviation 13.61) and the median age was 35. There was a total of 307 males and 193 females. In the present study, the length of the Coronal suture is the most predictive parameter out of three in determining the gender of the deceased person with a value of 0.946. A total of 66.6% of original grouped cases [263 among 307 males (85.7%) and 70 females from 193 (36.3%)] were correctly classified using discriminant function analysis score.  Conclusion:  The correct gender from the skull of the body was identified in about two-third of the cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document