VOLN27B: A New Head-Tailed Halovirus Isolated from an Underground Salt Crystal and Infecting Halorubrum

A novel halovirus, VOLN27B, was isolated from a drill core sample taken at a depth of approximately 430 m, from a layer formed during the Cretaceous period (Anhui, China). VOLN27B infects the halophilic archaeon Halorubrum sp. LN27 and has a head-tailed morphotype with a contractile tail, typical of myoviruses. The average head diameter is 64 ± 2.0 nm, and uncontracted tails are 15 ± 1.0 × 65 ± 2.0 nm. The latent period is about 10 h. The maturing time of VOLN27B in cells of Halorubrum sp. LN27 was nearly 8 h. The adsorption time of VOLN27B on cells of Halorubrum sp. LN27 was less than 1 min. Virus particles are unstable at pH values less than 5 or when the NaCl concentration is below 12% ( w / v ). VOLN27B and Halorubrum sp. LN27 were recovered from the same hypersaline environment and provide a new virus-host system in haloarchaea.

Response of Safflower to (N.P.K) Fertilizer Combinations and Plants Distribution

To find out the effect of fertilizer levels and of plants distribution on safflower yield, an experiment was conducted in Iraq - Al-Diwaniyah Governorate in the growing season 2020/2021, The experiment included three replicates with 60 experimental units, and it included combinations levels of fertilization(F1F2, F3 and F4) which represented the following fertilizer levels(N0, P0, K0) (N140, P80, K40) (N160, P100, K60) (N180, P120, K80)Kg.h−1, in addition to five planting distribution (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) follows (30 × 30, 40 × 40, 50 × 50, 60 × 60 and 70 × 70 cm). The results showed that the fertilization level(N180, P120, K80) it gave the highest mean of seed weight and head diameter, which amounted to(23.12 g and 2.88cm) respectively. As for the plant distribution D5, Gave the highest of weight of the yield of petals, Head diameter and plant heads number reached to (2.23 g, 2.93 cm, 83.14 head. plant−1) respectively. While the superiority of the treatment D4 was in In seeds number per head 44.88 seed. head−1. Therefore, plants distribution between plants can be reduced with increased fertilization from NPK in the area.

Femoral head diameters in Nepalese patients undergoing hemiarthroplasty

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sizing of the femoral head is important for determining the appropriate size of implants to be used for a patient undergoing hip arthroplasty. The present study aimed to determine the mean diameter of femoral head in Nepalese population who underwent hemiarthroplasty in our department.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent hemiarthroplasty from December 2016 till December 2020. We included patients aged more than 50 years who underwent hemiarthroplasty. The diameter of the femoral head was measured intraoperatively using standard fully circular templates. For radiological measurements, X-ray of pelvis with hips anteroposterior view were included.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 600 femoral heads were evaluated, 400 of women and 200 of men. Of these cases, the femoral head diameter were evaluated based on x-ray pelvis in 500 cases and rest of the 100 cases were evaluated intraoperatively. The mean age of the patients in our sample was 75.2±9.4 (range 50–90) years. Overall, the mean femoral head diameter (with intact articular cartilage) was 44.9±3.2 (range 39–53 mm) mm. Among the male patients, mean femoral head diameter was 47.7±2.8 mm, which was found to be significantly higher than that of female patients, who had a mean femoral head diameter of 43.7±2.4 mm, p value &lt;0.05.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Further studies are needed in other geographical locations, so that reference values could be established for specific regions.</p>

Performance of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Genotypes with Respect to Morphological, Yield and Quality Traits at Two Localities of Nepal

Lettuce is cultivated as minor crop in Nepal. However, people are becoming more health conscious in these days and demand for salad is increasing in food. The demand of lettuce is also gradually increasing but relatively few farmers are involved in this crop due to the lack of high-yielding and good quality genotypes. The research was conducted at two locations of Nepal; Kavre and Kaski with the aim of evaluating the performance of seven different hybrid lettuce genotypes in terms of its morphology, yield, and quality. The research was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at each location. Two types of lettuce were used on the research i.e. head type and leaf type. Among the head type, genotype Iceberg performed better with more plant spread (51 cm), head diameter (14.7 cm) and yield (738.4 g at Kavre and 725.8 g at Kaski) than other head type lettuce genotypes and among leaf type variety Green Oak was recorded with highest numbers of leaves (67 at Kavre and 40 at Kaski) and yield (572.3 g at Kavre and 641.9 g at Kaski). So, among head type lettuce genotypes Iceberg performed better as this had better plant spread, large head diameter, more yield and sweet flavor. Among leaf type genotypes Variety Green Oak was found most suitable for Nepali Market as this variety had highest number of leaves and yield among leaf type lettuce genotypes.

Studiul unor trăsături asociate cu productivitatea la hibrizi experimentali de floarea-soarelui

The relationships between seed yield and some morpho-physiological parameters, such as plant height, head diameter, leaf number, number and weight of total and full seeds per head and 1000 seeds in 32 local hybrids has been studied. The analyses of Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant, but low, positive correlations between yield and number of full seeds per calatidium, weight of total seeds per calatidium, weight of 1000 seeds and hectolitre weight. There were also observed positive correla-tions between plant height and number of leaves.

Does Proximal Hip Geometry Affect Fracture Type in The Elderly Population?

Background The aim of this study was to determine the differences in proximal femoral geometric (PFG) parameters between patients with femoral neck fractures(FNFs) and patients with intertrochanteric fractures (ITFs). Methods We retrospectively evaluated 114 patients (33 FNFs, 81 ITFs.) who were hospitalized secondary to hip fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with FNFs and patients with ITFs. The PFG parameters (the neck shaft angle, center-edge angle, femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, neck/head ratio, femoral neck axial length, femoral shaft diameter, hip axial length, and neck/hip length ratio) were measured on the hip joint radiographs. Results There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender between the FNF and ITF groups. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in the PFG parameters between the FNF and ITF groups except in the neck/hip length ratio (NHLR) (0.86 ± 0.03 vs 0.84 ± 0.03, p = 0.05). When a 3-way multivariate analysis was performed according to gender, fracture type, and fracture site, the femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, femoral neck axial length, femoral shaft diameter, hip axial length, and NHLR were found to be greater in females than in males, and a statistically significant relationship was found between gender and these variables. Conclusion Only the NHLR was significantly higher in the ITF group, so this study revealed that a higher NHLR, which is the presence of a longer hip axis combined with a shorter neck axis, is a risk factor for ITF after a minor trauma.

Fruiting Season, Flowering and Peel Characteristics of Leucaena spp. Analytical Study (B)

During the flowering seasons the species varied greatly and the seasons were seldom repeated (August-October) with only three species and two species (April-June), which means that they continued throughout the months of the year. Three colours of the flower were observed in total with gradient within these three colours distributed to the studied species. In terms of the colour of the peel, two colours were distinguished only in favour of the brown-gray colour, while the forms of cracks on the outer peel surface were divided into three forms. On the other hand, each type was independent when examining the colour of the inner peel. The shape of the cross section of the branch exceeded 81.8% for the circular shape on the angular shape, while two types of branch thickness were recorded and exactly the same for texture. It was possible to observe two forms of branching of the flower-bearing branches, which were very similar to those of the two forms (non-branching and branching) with a large difference between the two forms of the flower's apex, at a rate of 20 times the round shape and 90.9% of the shape of the flower. Two flowers shoots growing types were observed named (Auxotelic and an Anauxotelic). Three main colours, white, yellow and pink were distinguished and the flower head diameter varied widely between (6.5-30 mm). Flowers season seems to be in all of the year. Outer peel thickness also varied from thick to thin to intermediate. Three forms of peel fissures were found and 54.5% to mid-brown colour. Inner peel colour can be a good item to be a key of classification of this tree. Correlation coefficient between peel thickness and outer peel colour was 0.935.

Influence of Foliage Applied Zinc on Growth and Yield of Hybrids Sunflower (Helianthus Annus L.)

The aim of study was to evaluate the influence of foliage applied zinc on growth, yield and oil contents of hybrid sunflower. Experimental treatments comprise of two sunflower hybrids viz. H1= Hysun-33 and H2= S-278 and three zinc levels viz. T1= Control (no application), T2=1% ZnSO4 and T3 = 2% ZnSO4. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement and repeated thrice. Data regarding growth, yield and oil contents was collected by using standard procedures. Results revealed that sunflower hybrid Hysun-33 gained maximum plant height (210.67cm), stem diameter (2.427), Head diameter (15.533) achene number (852), achene yield (189.19 t ha-1), leaf area (789.56cm2) and oil contents (40.423%) followed by sunflower hybrid S-278. Zinc application significantly improved the yield and oil contents. In this regard, maximum plant height (194.67 cm), stem diameter (2.718cm), head diameter (14.633 cm), achene number (842.17), achene yield (194.56 t ha-1), leaf area (782.5cm2) and oil contents (40.12%) from 2% foliar application of zinc followed by 1% foliar application of zinc. Whereas, minimum plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, achene number, achene yield, leaf area and oil contents were recorded from control where no zinc was applied. Interaction of sunflower hybrids with zinc was also significant. In this contest, maximum plant height (231.67cm), stem diameter (2.917cm), head diameter (15.7cm), achene number (925.0), achene yield (205.89 t ha-1), leaf area (801.33cm2) and oil contents (41.65%) were recorded from sunflower hybrid hysun-33 with 2% application of zinc followed by sunflower hybrid S-278 with 1% zinc foliar application. In Conclusion, sunflower hybrid along with the 2% foliar application of zinc is most suitable combination to achieve higher yield and oil contents.

Siklus Hidup Spodoptera frugiperda Dengan Pemberian Pakan Kangkung dan Daun Bawang di Laboratorium

Spodoptera frugiperda was found to have entered Indonesia and damaged maize crops. There is a concern that climate change in Indonesia will cause these pests to migrate to other crops besides corn, such as kale and leeks. This research was conducted to observe the life cycle of S. frugiperda with feed treatment of kale leaves, leeks and corn leaves as a control. The larvae came from corn fields that were infested by S. frugiperda and were cultured in the laboratory. The variables observed were larva length, head diameter, pupa length, number of eggs, sex ratio, and time to complete one cycle. The life cycle of S. frugiperda varies between 37 and 47 days. Kale leaf feed is a good feed for the growth of S. frugiperda compared to the other two feeds, while corn leaf is good in fecundity. Keywords: corn, fecundity, growth, life cycle, sex ratio

QUANTIFICATION OF THE INTERVENTIONAL APPROACHES INTO THE PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA BY SOLID ANGLES USING VIRTUAL REALITY

Virtual reality is increasingly used in medicine for diagnostics, for visualisation of complex structures and for preoperative planning. In interventional radiology, minimally invasive approach could be described with a target point representing the desired needle tip position and an array of all possible trajectories leading to it resembling irregular “cone” or “pyramid”. We present a pilot study of planning a minimally invasive posterior infrazygomatic and suprazygomatic approaches into the pterygopalatine fossa using a solid angle as a measure of size of the approach in five virtually reconstructed heads. The minimally invasive approaches were planned by manually drawing the edges of “pyramids” that described each approach in 3D using virtual reality program Tracer. For each head, a transverse diameter was measured and for each approach a solid angle size, average edge length and estimated area on the skin from where the target point could be reached were calculated. We found that, the solid angle of posterior infrazygomatic approach was significantly larger than suprazygomatic approach (p0.001). Furthermore, the transverse head diameter and solid angle in posterior infrazygomatic approach were negatively correlated (ρ=-0.55, p=0.0002), while transverse head diameter and the estimated area on the skin from where the target point could be reached in the suprazygomatic approach were positively correlated (ρ=0.37, p=0.0206). In conclusion, our findings provide important preliminary evidence on the feasibility of evaluating and comparing different minimally invasive approaches using virtual reality systems, and affirm the validity of solid angle as a measure of the size of the approach.