scholarly journals Low-Copy Number Polymorphism in DEFA1/DEFA3 Is Associated with Susceptibility to Hospital-Acquired Infections in Critically Ill Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jialian Zhao ◽  
Qiang Gu ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Weize Xu ◽  
Lihua Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Copy Number Polymorphism ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Hospital Acquired

DEFA1/DEFA3, genes encoding human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1–3, display wide-ranging copy number variations (CNVs) and is functionally associated with innate immunity and infections. To identify potential associations between DEFA1/DEFA3 CNV and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), we enrolled 106 patients with HAIs and 109 controls in the intensive care unit (ICU) and examined their DEFA1/DEFA3 CNVs. DEFA1/DEFA3 copy number ranged from 2 to 16 per diploid genome in all 215 critically ill patients, with a median of 7 copies. In HAIs, DEFA1/DEFA3 CNV varied from 2 to 12 with a median of 6, which was significantly lower than that in controls (2 to 16 with a median of 8, p=0.017). Patients with lower DEFA1/DEFA3 copy number (CNV < 7) were far more common in HAIs than in controls (52.8% in HAIs versus 35.8% in controls; p=0.014; OR, 2.010; 95% CI, 1.164–3.472). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of DEFA1/DEFA3 CNV combined with clinical characteristics to predict the incidence of HAIs was 0.763 (95% CI 0.700–0.827), showing strong predictive ability. Therefore, lower DEFA1/DEFA3 copy number contributes to higher susceptibility to HAIs in critically ill patients, and DEFA1/DEFA3 CNV is a significant hereditary factor for predicting HAIs.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Diagnosed with Hospital Acquired Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 2811-2817
Author(s):  
Matheus L Otero ◽  
Rodrigo C Menezes ◽  
Isabella B B Ferreira ◽  
Francine L Issa ◽  
Gabriel Agareno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Is platelet transfusion associated with hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients?

Critical Care ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Aubron ◽  
Andrew W. Flint ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
David Pilcher ◽  
Allen C. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Diagnosed with Hospital Acquired Infections [Erratum]

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 4699-4700
Author(s):  
Matheus L Otero ◽  
Rodrigo C Menezes ◽  
Isabella B B Ferreira ◽  
Francine L Issa ◽  
Gabriel Agareno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Use of a Patient Hand Hygiene Protocol to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Infections and Improve Nurses’ Hand Washing

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Fox ◽  
Teresa Wavra ◽  
Diane Ash Drake ◽  
Debbie Mulligan ◽  
Yvonne Pacheco Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background Critically ill patients are at marked risk of hospital-acquired infections, which increase patients’ morbidity and mortality. Registered nurses are the main health care providers of physical care, including hygiene to reduce and prevent hospital-acquired infections, for hospitalized critically ill patients. Objective To investigate a new patient hand hygiene protocol designed to reduce hospital-acquired infection rates and improve nurses’ hand-washing compliance in an intensive care unit. Methods A preexperimental study design was used to compare 12-month rates of 2 common hospital-acquired infections, central catheter–associated bloodstream infection and catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and nurses’ hand-washing compliance measured before and during use of the protocol. Results Reductions in 12-month infection rates were reported for both types of infections, but neither reduction was statistically significant. Mean 12-month nurse hand-washing compliance also improved, but not significantly. Conclusions A hand hygiene protocol for patients in the intensive care unit was associated with reductions in hospital-acquired infections and improvements in nurses’ hand-washing compliance. Prevention of such infections requires continuous quality improvement efforts to monitor lasting effectiveness as well as investigation of strategies to eliminate these infections.

scholarly journals Differential expression of Zymomonas mobilis sucrase genes (sacB and sacC) in Escherichia coli and sucrase mutants of Zymomonas mobilis

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangiliyandi Gurunathan ◽  
Paramasamy Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Shuttle Vector ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sacb Gene ◽  
In Cells

The sacB and sacC genes encoding levansucrase and extracellular sucrase respectively were independently subcloned in pBluescript (high copy number) and in Z. mobilis-E. coli shuttle vector, pZA22 (low copy number). The expression of these genes were compared under identical background of E. coli and Z. mobilis host. The level of sacB gene expression in E. coli was almost ten fold less than the expression of sacC gene, irrespective of the growth medium or the host strain. In Z. mobilis the expression of sacB and sacC genes was shown to be subject to carbon source dependent regulation. The transcript of sacB and sacC was three fold higher in cells grown on sucrose than in cells grown on glucose/fructose. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcript levels of sacC was approximately 2-3 times higher than that of sacB. These results suggested that the expression of sacC gene was more pronounced than sacB.

DOES CHLORHEXIDINE WIPE HELP IN REDUCING HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (HAIS) AMONG CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN ADMITTED TO A PAEDIATRIC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT?

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Madhan Kumar ◽  
Jolly Chandran ◽  
Pragathesh Pragathesh ◽  
Ebor Jacob Gnananayagam ◽  
Hema Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Paediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Paediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Historical Controls

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of chlorhexidine wipes in reducing the incidence of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) among critically ill children admitted in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). METHODS: An interventional study, wherein enrolled children were wiped with chlorhexidine after routine bath. The incidence of HAIs were noted and compared with data from historical controls of previous year during the same period (pre-intervention). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety nine children in the intervention period were compared with 271 children from pre-intervention period. The numbers of ventilator-days were 777 and 696 respectively for the intervention period and pre-intervention periods. Incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) reduced from 12.9/1000 ventilator-days in the pre-intervention period to 6.4/1000 ventilator-days in the intervention period (p=0.1). VAP prevalence was 3.3% in the pre-intervention period as compared to 2.5% in the intervention period (p=0.6). The incidence of CLABSI was 3.6/1000 catheter-days (catheter days: 1377) with prevalence of 2.5% in the intervention period, whereas among the historic controls of the previous year it was 4.2/1000 days (catheter days 1432) with a prevalence of 2.2% (p= 0.8). No untoward effect was reported. CONCLUSION: The use of chlorhexidine wipes in ICU was feasible but did not signicantly decrease HAIs.

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