scholarly journals Allocation of Distributed Energy Systems at District-Scale over Wide Areas for Sustainable Urban Planning with a MILP Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşim Ok ◽  
Mehmet Atak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Milp Model

An optimal allocation of centralized district-scale distributed energy resource (DER) systems with district heating and cooling network (DHCN) is studied. A generic mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is constructed to increase the system efficiency and decrease costs by reducing energy distribution losses and transportation costs in energy distribution network. Initial investment costs based on size and type (co/trigeneration) of the facility and demand-weighted transportation costs are minimized by the capacitated fixed charge facility location (FCFL) model. However, unlike the standard FCFL model, by adding the maximum coverage distance in the set covering problem, a new method has been proposed. Thus, its aim is to avoid assigning a demand point to a candidate facility from a point farther than the predetermined distance. That means that the weakness of disregarding the distance between supply and demand points in the FCFL problem is eliminated. Additionally, this model, in which the annual inputs are used, has a generic framework suitable to form infrastructure needs in consideration of distributed energy systems in the general planning level for sustainable urban planning. For this purpose, the applications of the model, both case study and tests, have been made over wide areas, with annual demand and capacity values. Consequently, a case study with different coverage distances has been conducted to see the effect of coverage distance on the model, and also test problems with different sizes have been carried out to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Optimal Scheduling of Distributed Energy Resources in Residential Building under the Demand Response Commitment Contract

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keon Baek ◽  
Woong Ko ◽  
Jinho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Management System ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Proposed Model

This study proposes optimal day-ahead demand response (DR) participation strategies and distributed energy resource (DER) management in a residential building under an individual DR contract with a grid-system operator. First, this study introduces a DER management system in the residential building for participation to the day-ahead DR market. The distributed photovoltaic generation system (PV) and energy-storage system (ESS) are applied to reduce the electricity demand in the building and sell surplus energy on the grid. Among loads in the building, lighting (LTG) and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads are included in the DR program. In addition, it is assumed that a power management system of an electric vehicle (EV) charging station is integrated the DER management system. In order to describe stochastic behavior of EV owners, the uncertainty of EV is formulated based on their arrival and departure scenarios. For measuring the economic efficiency of the proposed model, we compare it with the DER self-consuming operation model without DR participation. The problem is solved using mixed integer linear programming to minimize the operating cost. The results in summer and winter are analyzed to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s validity. From these results, the proposed model can be confirmed as reducing operation cost compared to the reference model through optimal day-ahead DR capacity bidding and implementation.

scholarly journals Methods for Aggregation and Remuneration of Distributed Energy Resources

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Faria ◽  
João Spínola ◽  
Zita Vale
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Distributed Energy Resource ◽  
Technical Operation ◽  
Made In

Distributed energy resource integration in power systems has advantages and challenges in both the economic and the technical operation of the system. An aggregator, as in the case of a Virtual Power Player, is essential in order to support the operation of these small size resources. Innovative approaches capable of supporting the decisions made in terms of resource scheduling, aggregation and remuneration are needed. The present paper addresses a methodology capable of managing resources through the activities of an aggregator, providing different choices of aggregation and remuneration strategies. The methodology is validated in a case study regarding a 21-bus network, composed of 20 consumers and 26 producers.

scholarly journals Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programming (SMIP)-Based Distributed Energy Resource Allocation Method for Virtual Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Rakkyung Ko ◽  
Sung-Kwan Joo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Distributed Energy Resource ◽  
Stochastic Mixed Integer Programming ◽  
Virtual Power Plants

Virtual power plants (VPPs) have been widely researched to handle the unpredictability and variable nature of renewable energy sources. The distributed energy resources are aggregated to form into a virtual power plant and operate as a single generator from the perspective of a system operator. Power system operators often utilize the incentives to operate virtual power plants in desired ways. To maximize the revenue of virtual power plant operators, including its incentives, an optimal portfolio needs to be identified, because each renewable energy source has a different generation pattern. This study proposes a stochastic mixed-integer programming based distributed energy resource allocation method. The proposed method attempts to maximize the revenue of VPP operators considering market incentives. Furthermore, the uncertainty in the generation pattern of renewable energy sources is considered by the stochastic approach. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Optimum Siting and Sizing of Distributed Energy Resources Taking into Consideration Hourly Operating Strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 871-875
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Ren ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yin Yin Ban
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Distributed Energy Resource ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
And Storage

In this paper, a distributed energy resource (DER) system plan and evaluation model is extended to include the design of district heating network. In the model, production and consumption of electric power and heat, power transmissions, transport of fuels to the production plants, transport of water in the district heating pipelines and storage of heat are taken into account. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model where the objective is to minimize the overall cost of the DER system. The solution gives the DER structure, i.e., which production units, heat transport lines and storages should be built as well as their locations, together with design parameters for plants and pipelines.

scholarly journals Performance and Benefits of Distributed Energy Systems in Cooling Dominated Regions: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 1991-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Kang ◽  
Shengwei Wang ◽  
Wenjie Gang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Systems ◽  
Distributed Energy
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