scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Induces Quantified Changes in Resting Cerebral Perfusion Measured from Arterial Spin Labeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Sherwood ◽  
Aaron T. Madaris ◽  
Casserly R. Mullenger ◽  
R. Andy McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Noradrenergic System ◽  
Before And After

The use of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) as a method to augment neural activity has increased in popularity in the last decade and a half. The specific application of TES to the left prefrontal cortex has been shown to produce broad cognitive effects; however, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. In this work, we evaluated the effect of repetitive TES on cerebral perfusion. Stimulation was applied to the left prefrontal cortex on three consecutive days, and resting cerebral perfusion was quantified before and after stimulation using arterial spin labeling. Perfusion was found to decrease significantly more in a matched sham stimulation group than in a group receiving active stimulation across many areas of the brain. These changes were found to originate in the locus coeruleus and were broadly distributed in the neocortex. The changes in the neocortex may be a direct result of the stimulation or an indirect result via the changes in the noradrenergic system produced from the altered activity of the locus coeruleus. These findings indicate that anodal left prefrontal stimulation alters the activity of the locus coeruleus, and this altered activity may excite the noradrenergic system producing the broad behavioral effects that have been reported.

Abstract TP169: Perioperative Assessment of Cerebral Perfusion Territories using Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Carotid stenosis

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yamamoto ◽  
Kohkichi Hosoda ◽  
Yoshito Uchihashi ◽  
Eiji Kohmura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Selective Labeling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Perioperative Assessment

[Background] Territorial arterial spin labeling (TASL) MRI offers a unique opportunity to visualize non-invasively cerebral perfusion territory (PT) by selective labeling of the feeding arteries without contrast medium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PT status in patients with carotid stenosis and effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on PT. [Materials and Methods] This study included 22 patients with carotid stenosis (20 men and 2 women; mean age 73 years) treated by CEA. All of them underwent TASL preoperatively and on the day after surgery. Ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow (ICF) was measured by electromagnetic flowmeter just before and after endarterectomy during the surgery. Perfused volume (PV) of each feeding artery was calculated from perfused area and thickness of slices. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was calculated as ICF/PV. [Results] Before CEA, the PV of ipsilateral ICA were significantly smaller than those of contralateral ICA. After CEA, the ipsilateral PV significantly increased and the asymmetry of PV of ICA was corrected (Fig.1 & 2). ICF also increased (82 to 178 ml/min). Accordingly, ipsilateral CBF defined by ICF/PV significantly increased (28 to 50 ml/100cm 3 /min). In a patient with postoperative hyperperfusion (HP), however, ICF remarkably increased from 10 to 200 ml/min while the PV increased only slightly (111 to 127 cm 3 , Fig.2). [Conclusion] TASL could evaluate the peri-operative change of cerebral PT non-invasively. CEA corrected the asymmetry of PT measured by TASL in patients with carotid stenosis. In a patient with HP after CEA, however, the increase of PT was small, which may suggest pathophysiological basis for HP.

Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging at short post-labeling delay reflects cerebral perfusion pressure verified by oxygen-15-positron emission tomography in cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512091711
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Itagaki ◽  
Yasuaki Kokubo ◽  
Kanako Kawanami ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
Yuki Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Cerebral Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Arterial Transit Time ◽  
The Right

Background Arterial transit time correction by data acquisition with multiple post-labeling delays (PLDs) or relatively long PLDs is expected to obtain more accurate imaging in cases of the cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease. However, there have so far been no reports describing the significance of arterial spin labeling (ASL) images at short PLDs regarding the evaluation of cerebral circulation in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Purpose To clarify the role of short-PLD ASL in cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease. Material and Methods Fifty-three patients with cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease were included in this study. All patients underwent ASL magnetic resonance imaging and 15O-PET within two days of each modality. To compare the ASL findings with each parameter of PET, the right-to-left (R/L) ratio, defined as the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) value/left MCA value, was calculated. Results There is a significant correlation between the ASL images at a short PLD and the ratio of cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume by 15O-PET, which may accurately reflect the cerebral perfusion pressure. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that ASL images at PLD 1000 and 1500 ms were more accurate than at PLD 2000–3000 ms for the detection of a ≥10% change in the PET cerebral blood flow. Conclusion ASL images at shorter PLDs may be useful at least as a screening modality to detect the changes in the cerebral circulation in cerebrovascular steno-occlusive disease. We must evaluate ASL images at multiple PLDs while considering the arterial transit time of each case at present.

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