scholarly journals TRILO: A Traffic Indication-Based Downlink Communication Protocol for LoRaWAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjune Oh ◽  
Jongwon Lee ◽  
Chong-Kwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Power Saving ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
The Internet Of Things

LPWAN (Low-Power Wide Area Network) technologies such as LoRa and SigFox are emerging as a technology of choice for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications where tens of thousands of untethered devices are deployed over a wide area. In such operating environments, energy conservation is one of the most crucial concerns and network protocols adopt various power saving schemes to lengthen device lifetimes. For example, to avoid idle listening, LoRaWAN restricts downlink communications. However, the confined design philosophy impedes the deployment of IoT applications that require asynchronous downlink communications. In this paper, we design and implement an energy efficient downlink communication mechanism, named TRILO, for LoRaWAN. We aim to make TRILO be energy efficient while obeying an unavoidable trade-off that balances between latency and energy consumption. TRILO adopts a beacon mechanism that periodically alerts end-devices which have pending downlink frames. We implement the proposed protocol on top of commercially available LoRaWAN components and confirm that the protocol operates properly in real-world experiments. Experimental results show that TRILO successfully transmits downlink frames without losses while uplink traffic suffers from a slight increase in latency because uplink transmissions should halt during beacons and downlink transmissions. Computer simulation results also show that the proposed scheme is more energy efficient than the legacy LoRaWAN downlink protocol.

scholarly journals Worldwide Connectivity for the Internet of Things Through LoRaWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vangelista ◽  
Marco Centenaro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) paradigm is gradually gaining market acceptance. In particular, three prominent LPWAN technologies are emerging at the moment: LoRaWAN™ and SigFox™, which operate on unlicensed frequency bands, and NB-IoT, operating on licensed frequency bands. This paper deals with LoRaWAN™, and has the aim of describing a particularly interesting feature provided by the latest LoRaWAN™ specification—often neglected in the literature—i.e., the roaming capability between different operators of LoRaWAN™ networks, across the same country or even different countries. Recalling that LoRaWAN™ devices do not have a subscriber identification module (SIM) like cellular network terminals, at a first glance the implementation of roaming in LoRaWAN™ networks could seem intricate. The contribution of this paper consists in explaining the principles behind the implementation of a global LoRaWAN network, with particular focus on how to cope with the lack of the SIM in the architecture and how to realize roaming.

scholarly journals A Dual Key-Based Activation Scheme for Secure LoRaWAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyu Kim ◽  
JooSeok Song
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Session Key ◽  
Original Scheme ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, we are experiencing rapid technological progress. Billions of devices are connected to each other, and our homes, cities, hospitals, and schools are getting smarter and smarter. However, to realize the IoT, several challenging issues such as connecting resource-constrained devices to the Internet must be resolved. Recently introduced Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies have been devised to resolve this issue. Among many LPWAN candidates, the Long Range (LoRa) is one of the most promising technologies. The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a communication protocol for LoRa that provides basic security mechanisms. However, some security loopholes exist in LoRaWAN’s key update and session key generation. In this paper, we propose a dual key-based activation scheme for LoRaWAN. It resolves the problem of key updates not being fully supported. In addition, our scheme facilitates each layer in generating its own session key directly, which ensures the independence of all layers. Real-world experimental results compared with the original scheme show that the proposed scheme is totally feasible in terms of delay and battery consumption.

scholarly journals Low-Power Wide Area Network Technologies for Internet-of-Things: A Comparative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2225-2240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Ikpehai ◽  
Bamidele Adebisi ◽  
Khaled M. Rabie ◽  
Kelvin Anoh ◽  
Ruth E. Ande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Network Technologies

scholarly journals Low Power Wide Area Network, Cognitive Radio and the Internet of Things: Potentials for Integration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6837
Author(s):  
Adeiza J. Onumanyi ◽  
Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz ◽  
Gerhard P. Hancke
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Phy Layer ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that enables many beneficial and prospective application areas, such as smart metering, smart homes, smart industries, and smart city architectures, to name but a few. These application areas typically comprise end nodes and gateways that are often interconnected by low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, which provide low power consumption rates to elongate the battery lifetimes of end nodes, low IoT device development/purchasing costs, long transmission range, and increased scalability, albeit at low data rates. However, most LPWAN technologies are often confronted with a number of physical (PHY) layer challenges, including increased interference, spectral inefficiency, and/or low data rates for which cognitive radio (CR), being a predominantly PHY layer solution, suffices as a potential solution. Consequently, in this article, we survey the potentials of integrating CR in LPWAN for IoT-based applications. First, we present and discuss a detailed list of different state-of-the-art LPWAN technologies; we summarize the most recent LPWAN standardization bodies, alliances, and consortia while emphasizing their disposition towards the integration of CR in LPWAN. We then highlight the concept of CR in LPWAN via a PHY-layer front-end model and discuss the benefits of CR-LPWAN for IoT applications. A number of research challenges and future directions are also presented. This article aims to provide a unique and holistic overview of CR in LPWAN with the intention of emphasizing its potential benefits.

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