Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern and Southeastern Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aim. To review the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. Methods. We systematically searched for observational studies on GDM prevalence from January 2000 to December 2016. Inclusion criteria were original English papers, with full texts published in peer-reviewed journals. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the guidelines of the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. Fixed effects and random effects models were used to estimate the summary prevalence of GDM and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. A total of 4415 papers were screened, and 48 studies with 63 GDM prevalence observations were included in the final review. The pooled prevalence of GDM was 10.1% (95% CI: 6.5%–15.7%), despite substantial variations across nations. The prevalence of GDM in lower- or upper-middle income countries was about 64% higher than in their high-income counterparts. Moreover, the one-step screening method was twice more likely to be used in diagnosing GDM when compared to the two-step screening procedure. Conclusions. The prevalence of GDM in Eastern and Southeastern Asia was high and varied among and within countries. There is a need for international uniformity in screening strategies and diagnostic criteria for GDM.

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Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2021/6692695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Cheng-Ming Xiao ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

Qiong Chen ◽

Xiao-Qin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health issue, and the aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with GDM. Databases were searched for observational studies until August 20, 2020. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. 103 studies involving 1,826,454 pregnant women were identified. Results indicated that maternal age ≥ 25 years (OR: 2.466, 95% CI: (2.121, 2.866)), prepregnancy overweight or obese (OR: 2.637, 95% CI: (1.561, 4.453)), family history of diabetes (FHD) (OR: 2.326, 95% CI: (1.904, 2.843)), history of GDM (OR: 21.137, 95% CI: (8.785, 50.858)), macrosomia (OR: 2.539, 95% CI: (1.612, 4.000)), stillbirth (OR: 2.341, 95% CI: (1.435, 3.819)), premature delivery (OR: 3.013, 95% CI: (1.569, 5.787)), and pregestational smoking (OR: 2.322, 95% CI: (1.359, 3.967)) increased the risk of GDM with all P < 0.05 , whereas history of congenital anomaly and abortion, and HIV status showed no correlation with GDM ( P > 0.05 ). Being primigravida (OR: 0.752, 95% CI: (0.698, 0.810), P < 0.001 ) reduced the risk of GDM. The factors influencing GDM included maternal age ≥ 25 , prepregnancy overweight or obese, FHD, history of GDM, macrosomia, stillbirth, premature delivery, pregestational smoking, and primigravida.

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Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa, 2000–2019: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.668447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Rami H. Al-Rifai ◽

Noor Motea Abdo ◽

Marília Silva Paulo ◽

Sumanta Saha ◽

Luai A. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

North Africa ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mena Region ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Meta Regression

Women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are burdened with several risk factors related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) including overweight and high parity. We systematically reviewed the literature and quantified the weighted prevalence of GDM in MENA at the regional, subregional, and national levels. Studies published from 2000 to 2019 reporting the prevalence of GDM in the MENA region were retrieved and were assessed for their eligibility. Overall and subgroup pooled prevalence of GDM was quantified by random-effects meta-analysis. Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by meta-regression. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s tool. One hundred and two research articles with 279,202 tested pregnant women for GDM from 16 MENA countries were included. Most of the research reports sourced from Iran (36.3%) and Saudi Arabia (21.6%), with an overall low RoB. In the 16 countries, the pooled prevalence of GDM was 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5–14.6%, I2, 99.3%). Nationally, GDM was highest in Qatar (20.7%, 95% CI, 15.2–26.7% I2, 99.0%), whereas subregionally, GDM was highest in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (14.7%, 95% CI, 13.0–16.5%, I2, 99.0%). The prevalence of GDM was high in pregnant women aged ≥30 years (21.9%, 95% CI, 18.5–25.5%, I2, 97.1%), in their third trimester (20.0%, 95% CI, 13.1–27.9%, I2, 98.8%), and who were obese (17.2%, 95% CI, 12.8–22.0%, I2, 93.8%). The prevalence of GDM was 10.6% (95% CI, 8.1–13.4%, I2, 98.9%) in studies conducted before 2009, whereas it was 14.0% (95% CI, 12.1–16.0%, I2, 99.3%) in studies conducted in or after 2010. Pregnant women in the MENA region are burdened with a substantial prevalence of GDM, particularly in GCC and North African countries. Findings have implications for maternal health in the MENA region and call for advocacy to unify GDM diagnostic criteria.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42018100629

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Interpregnancy Weight Change and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3506153 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Alberto Martínez-Hortelano ◽

Ivan Cavero Redondo ◽

Celia Alvarez ◽

Ana Díez-Fernández ◽

Montserrat Hernández-Luengo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Weight Change ◽

Meta Analysis

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of gestational diabetes mellitus and mental health among BAME populations

EClinicalMedicine ◽

10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 101016

Author(s):

Gayathri Delanerolle ◽

Peter Phiri ◽

Yutian Zeng ◽

Kathleen Marston ◽

Nicola Tempest ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Meta Analysis

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Diagnosis of gestational diabetes in Uganda: The reactions of women, family members and health workers

Women s Health ◽

10.1177/17455065211013769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 174550652110137

Author(s):

Flavia Zalwango ◽

Janet Seeley ◽

Arthur Namara ◽

Sanjay Kinra ◽

Moffat Nyirenda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Health Workers ◽

Family Members ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Middle Income ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Fear And Anxiety

Objectives: In Uganda, as in many other low- and middle-income countries, screening for gestational diabetes mellitus is suboptimal and is rarely embedded in routine antenatal care. We describe the experiences of women in Uganda who underwent screening for gestational diabetes mellitus and were diagnosed with the condition as they navigate both the reaction of family members and their interaction with health workers. Methods: Pregnant women aged 18 years or older and between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were enrolled from the antenatal clinics at one of the five hospitals between 13 June 2018 and 31 October 2019. Ten women with gestational diabetes mellitus, ten family members and six health workers were purposively selected to take part. Interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data on the socio-cultural and health system factors that influence timely screening and effective management of gestational diabetes mellitus in Uganda. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Women generally reflected on the importance of gestational diabetes mellitus screening and felt that an early diagnosis helped them to get timely medical attention, and most reported a positive experience of the care provided by health workers. However, women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus reported feeling fearful and anxious, and some were worried that the condition might be life-threatening. Many women reported that they were upset and largely unprepared to receive a gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis. A gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis not only stirred intense feelings of fear and anxiety in women but also affected their spouses and other family members. Many male partners were sympathetic and willing to provide support. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need to understand the perceptions and emotions that accompany a gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis to best support women and their family members. An improved recognition of these factors can inform the development of effective gestational diabetes mellitus screening and management programmes.

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