scholarly journals Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Azira Azizan ◽  
Khairul Salleh Basaruddin ◽  
Ahmad Faizal Salleh ◽  
Abdul Razak Sulaiman ◽  
Muhamad Juhairi Aziz Safar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
The Right

Balance in the human body’s movement is generally associated with different synergistic pathologies. The trunk is supported by one’s leg most of the time when walking. A person with poor balance may face limitation when performing their physical activities on a daily basis, and they may be more prone to having risk of fall. The ground reaction forces (GRFs), centre of pressure (COP), and centre of mass (COM) in quite standing posture were often measured for the evaluation of balance. Currently, there is still no experimental evidence or study on leg length discrepancy (LLD) during walking. Analysis of the stability parameters is more representative of the functional activity undergone by the person who has a LLD. Therefore, this study hopes to shed new light on the effects of LLD on the dynamic stability associated with VGRF, COP, and COM during walking. Eighteen healthy subjects were selected among the university population with normal BMIs. Each subject was asked to walk with 1.0 to 2.0 ms−1 of walking speed for three to five trials each. Insoles of 0.5 cm thickness were added, and the thickness of the insoles was subsequently raised until 4 cm and placed under the right foot as we simulated LLD. The captured data obtained from a force plate and motion analysis present Peak VGRF (single-leg stance) and WD (double-leg stance) that showed more forces exerted on the short leg rather than long leg. Obviously, changes occurred on the displacement of COM trajectories in the ML and vertical directions as LLD increased at the whole gait cycle. Displacement of COP trajectories demonstrated that more distribution was on the short leg rather than on the long leg. The root mean square (RMS) of COP-COM distance showed, obviously, changes only in ML direction with the value at 3 cm and 3.5 cm. The cutoff value via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) indicates the significant differences starting at the level 2.5 cm up to 4 cm in long and short legs for both AP and ML directions. The present study performed included all the proposed parameters on the effect of dynamic stability on LLD during walking and thus helps to determine and evaluate the balance pattern.

scholarly journals System for Evaluation and Compensation of Leg Length Discrepancy for Human Body Balancing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2504
Author(s):  
Zoran Vrhovski ◽  
Karlo Obrovac ◽  
Josip Nižetić ◽  
Alan Mutka ◽  
Hrvoje Klobučar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Parallel Manipulators ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Height Difference ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Left And Right

Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD) causes a shift of the Center of Mass (CoM) of the human body, as well as an asymmetry in load distribution on the lower extremities. Existing LLD evaluation methods do not take into account this shift in the human body’s CoM. In this paper, a methodology and mechatronic system for the Evaluation and Compensation of LLD for Human Body Balancing are described. The human body’s CoM is measured with two force plates located on two parallel manipulators. Since persons with LLD experience a shift in their CoM, by raising the force plate that is under the shorter leg, the human body can be balanced. For this purpose, the Human Body Balancing Algorithm (HBBA) was proposed and developed. By running the HBBA, the height difference between the force plates under the left and right leg can be measured, which then represents the LLD evaluation. Based on this evaluation, it is possible to design and make a shoe insole which compensates the influence of LLD with the goal of equalizing the load on the legs. A virtual mathematical model of the system was created and the simulation results of the HBBA are presented. The mechatronic system, developed and used to conduct experiments and measurements, is described in detail.

scholarly journals Orthotic Insoles Improve Gait Symmetry and Reduce Immediate Pain in Subjects With Mild Leg Length Discrepancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Menez ◽  
Maxime L'Hermette ◽  
Jeremy Coquart
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Gait Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Orthotic Insoles

Background: Mild leg length discrepancy can lead to musculoskeletal disorders; however, the magnitude starting from which leg length discrepancy alters the biomechanics of gait or benefits from treatment interventions is not clear.Research question: The aim of the current study was to examine the immediate effects of orthotic insoles on gait symmetry and pain on mild leg length discrepancy according to two groups of the leg length discrepancy (i.e., LLD ≤ 1 cm vs. LLD > 1 cm).Methods: Forty-six adults with mild leg length discrepancy were retrospectively included and classified into two groups (GLLD≤1cm or GLLD>1cm). All subjects underwent routine 3D gait analysis with and without orthotic insoles. The symmetry index was calculated to assess changes in gait symmetry between the right and left limbs. Pain was rated without (in standing) and with the orthotic insoles (after 30 min of use) on a visual analog scale.Results: There was a significant improvement in the symmetry index of the pelvis in the frontal plane (p = 0.001) and the ankle in the sagittal plane (p = 0.010) in the stance with the orthotic insoles independent from the group. Pain reduced significantly with the orthotic insoles independently from the group (p < 0.001).Significance: Orthotic insoles significantly improved gait symmetry in the pelvis in the frontal plane and the ankle in the sagittal plane, as well as pain in all subjects (both LLD ≤ 1 cm and LLD > 1 cm) suggesting that it may be appropriate to treat even mild leg length discrepancy.

Changes in patient-perceived leg length discrepancy following total hip arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Iwakiri ◽  
Yoichi Ohta ◽  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Yukihide Minoda ◽  
Akio Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Length Discrepancy

scholarly journals Epiphysiodesis for the treatment of tall stature and leg length discrepancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Willegger ◽  
Markus Schreiner ◽  
Alexander Kolb ◽  
Reinhard Windhager ◽  
Catharina Chiari
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Growth Prediction ◽  
Length Discrepancy

SummaryPainful orthopedic conditions associated with extreme tall stature and leg length discrepancy (LLD) include back pain and adopting bad posture. After failure of conservative treatment options, blocking of the growth plates (epiphysiodesis) around the knee emerged as gold standard in patients with tall stature and LLD in the growing skeleton. Surgical planning includes growth prediction and evaluation of bone age. Since growth prediction is associated with a certain potential error, adequate planning and timing of epiphysiodesis are the key for success of the treatment. LLD corrections up to 5 cm can be achieved, and predicted extreme tall stature can be limited. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis techniques are minimally invasive, safe and efficient methods with low complication rates. In general, a multidisciplinary approach should be pursued when treating children and adolescents with tall stature.

The effect of leg length discrepancy upon load distribution in the static phase (standing)

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Swaminathan ◽  
M. Cartwright-Terry ◽  
J.D. Moorehead ◽  
A. Bowey ◽  
S.J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Static Phase
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