scholarly journals Potentials of Ultrahigh-Field MRI for the Study of Somatosensory Reorganization in Congenital Hemiplegia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Fiori ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Paolo Cecchi ◽  
Giovanni Cioni ◽  
Elena Beani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Sensory Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Ultrahigh Field ◽  
Motor Reorganization ◽  
Unilateral Brain

Reorganization of somatosensory function influences the clinical recovery of subjects with congenital unilateral brain lesions. Ultrahigh-field (UHF) functional MRI (fMRI) with the use of a 7 T magnet has the potential to contribute fundamentally to the current knowledge of such plasticity mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary information on the possible advantages of the study of somatosensory reorganization at UHF fMRI. We enrolled 6 young adults (mean age 25 ± 6 years) with congenital unilateral brain lesions (4 in the left hemisphere and 2 in the right hemisphere; 4 with perilesional motor reorganization and 2 with contralesional motor reorganization) and 7 healthy age-matched controls. Nondominant hand sensory assessment included stereognosis and 2-point discrimination. Task-dependent fMRI was performed to elicit a somatosensory activation by using a safe and quantitative device developed ad hoc to deliver a reproducible gentle tactile stimulus to the distal phalanx of thumb and index fingers. Group analysis was performed in the control group. Individual analyses in the native space were performed with data of hemiplegic subjects. The gentle tactile stimulus showed great accuracy in determining somatosensory cortex activation. Single-subject gentle tactile stimulus showed an S1 activation in the postcentral gyrus and an S2 activation in the inferior parietal insular cortex. A correlation emerged between an index of S1 reorganization (distance between expected and reorganized S1) and sensory deficit (p<0.05) in subjects with hemiplegia, with higher distance related to a more severe sensory deficit. Increase in spatial resolution at 7 T allows a better localization of reorganized tactile function validated by its correlation with clinical measures. Our results support the S1 early-determination hypothesis and support the central role of topography of reorganized S1 compared to a less relevant S1-M1 integration.

Cognitive Effects of Unilateral Brain Lesions Secondary to Penetrating Missile Wounds

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Black
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Nonverbal Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unilateral Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

The WAIS verbal and nonverbal subtest performance of Ss with unilateral brain lesions secondary to penetrating missile wounds was examined and compared with that of normal controls. The performance of matched right- and left-hemisphere lesion Ss differed significantly on only two verbal and one nonverbal measures, however, all performance differences were in the direction hypothesized. The performance of right-hemisphere lesioned and control Ss differed significantly on all measures, with consistently lower scores by brain-injured Ss, while the performance of left-hemisphere and control Ss differed significantly on the three verbal measures and WAIS Full Scale IQ. These results are in general agreement with previous reports using a similar research design and tend to support the hypothesis of differential impairment of verbal and nonverbal test performance in Ss with unilateral brain lesions.

scholarly journals Story reading with incidental comprehension and memory: left hemisphere dominance

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 963-973
Author(s):  
Nora Silvana Vigliecca
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Uncued Condition ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Unilateral Brain

ABSTRACT Background: There are no studies on adults with unilateral brain lesions regarding story reading with incidental/implicit comprehension and memory, in which memory is only assessed through delayed recall. There is a need for validation of cerebral laterality in this type of verbal recall, which includes spontaneous performance (free or uncued condition (UC)), and induced-through-question performance regarding the forgotten units (cued condition (CC)). Objectives: To explore the effects of unilateral brain lesions, of oral reading with expression (RE) and comprehension (RC) on delayed recall of a story, as either UC or CC; and to validate the ability of UC and CC to discriminate the side of brain injury. Methods: Data were obtained from 200 right-handed volunteers, among whom 42 had left-hemisphere injury (LHI), 49 had right-hemisphere injury (RHI) and 109 were demographically-matched healthy participants (HP). Patients who were unable to read, understand or speak were excluded. Results: LHI individuals presented impairment of both UC and CC, in relation to the other two groups (non-LHI) with sensitivity and specificity above 70%. LHI and RHI individuals were not significantly different in RE and RC, but they were both different from HP in all the assessments except CC, in which RHI individuals resembled HP. Despite this lack of abnormality in RHI individuals during CC, about half of this group showed impairment in UC. Additionally, whereas RE had a significant effect on UC, the moral of the story (RC) had a significant effect on both UC and CC. Conclusions: The left hemisphere was dominant for this memory task involving implicit processing.

scholarly journals Is There a Causal Link between the Left Lateralization of Language and Other Brain Asymmetries? A Review of Data Gathered in Patients with Focal Brain Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unilateral Brain

This review evaluated if the hypothesis of a causal link between the left lateralization of language and other brain asymmetries could be supported by a careful review of data gathered in patients with unilateral brain lesions. In a short introduction a distinction was made between brain activities that could: (a) benefit from the shaping influences of language (such as the capacity to solve non-verbal cognitive tasks and the increased levels of consciousness and of intentionality); (b) be incompatible with the properties and the shaping activities of language (e.g., the relations between language and the automatic orienting of visual-spatial attention or between cognition and emotion) and (c) be more represented on the right hemisphere due to competition for cortical space. The correspondence between predictions based on the theoretical impact of language on other brain functions and data obtained in patients with lesions of the right and left hemisphere was then assessed. The reviewed data suggest that different kinds of hemispheric asymmetries observed in patients with unilateral brain lesions could be subsumed by common mechanisms, more or less directly linked to the left lateralization of language.

Unilateral Brain Lesions and MMPI Performance: A Preliminary Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Black
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Unilateral Brain

Samples of 15 Ss with right- and 20 Ss with left-hemisphere brain lesions secondary to war-related penetrating missile wounds were matched for age, education, and recency of injury and evaluated with the MMPI. Right-hemisphere lesioned Ss produced a composite profile with all scales within normal limits. In contrast, the composite profile of left-hemisphere lesioned Ss showed significant elevations on the Sc, D, and Hs clinical scales, suggesting increased psychopathological responses in such Ss. Although the general configurations of the composite MMPI profiles in the two samples were similar, significant differences in the elevation of both validity and clinical scales were obtained. The results tend to support previous findings of a depressive-catastrophic reaction in patients with lesions in the dominant hemisphere, while not supporting the euphoric-indifference response in nondominant-hemisphere lesioned Ss.

Electrostimulation Mapping of Spatial Neglect

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck-Emmanuel Roux ◽  
Olivier Dufor ◽  
Valérie Lauwers-Cances ◽  
Leila Boukhatem ◽  
David Brauge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Line Bisection ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
The Right

Abstract BACKGROUND Cortical and subcortical electrostimulation mapping during awake brain surgery for tumor removal is usually used to minimize deficits. OBJECTIVE To use electrostimulation to study neuronal substrates involved in spatial awareness in humans. METHODS Spatial neglect was studied using a line bisection task in combination with electrostimulation mapping of the right hemisphere in 50 cases. Stimulation sites were identified with Talairach coordinates. The behavioral effects induced by stimulation, especially eye movements and deviations from the median, were quantified and compared with preoperative data and a control group. RESULTS Composite and highly individualized spatial neglect maps were generated. Both rightward and leftward deviations were induced, sometimes in the same patient but for different stimulation sites. Group analysis showed that specific and reproducible line deviations were induced by stimulation of discrete cortical areas located in the posterior part of the right superior and middle temporal gyri, inferior parietal lobe, and inferior postcentral and inferior frontal gyri (P &gt; .05). Fiber tracking identified stimulated subcortical areas important to spare as sections of fronto-occipital and superior longitudinal II fascicles. According to preoperative and postoperative neglect battery tests, the specificity and sensitivity of intraoperative line bisection tests were 94% and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSION In humans, discrete cortical areas that are variable in location between individuals but mainly located within the right posterior Sylvian fissure sustain visuospatial attention specifically toward the contralateral or ipsilateral space direction. Line bisection mapping was found to be a reliable method for minimizing spatial neglect caused by brain tumor surgery.

Recognition of Matching Tasks and Stimulus Novelty as a Function of Unilateral Brain Damage

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Paradowski ◽  
Herbert Zaretsky ◽  
Bernard Brucker ◽  
Augusta Alba
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Schedule ◽  
Unilateral Brain Damage ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Unilateral Brain

A 96-trial tachistoscope recognition task was given to 15 left-hemisphere-damaged, 12 right-hemisphere-damaged, and 30 non-brain-damaged subjects. Procedure called for a first stimulus presented for 250 msec. a 1-sec. pause, and a second stimulus for 250 msec. The stimuli were 12 animal drawings used in repeated series according to a random schedule. Six animals were familiar and six were novel. For half of the trials, the two pictures were of different animals. Size and position of the animal picture were controlled. Both reaction time and accuracy were independently scored. Judgments of same and different appear to function as if they are governed by different processes. For the control group, measures of same and different judgments do not correlate highly despite high internal consistency of subtests. Recognition of same becomes impaired with brain damage, but more so if the damage is rightsided. Recognition of different judgments shows considerably less sensitivity to the effects of unilateral brain damage.

Incidence of the Half-Left Profile Pose in Single-Subject Portraits

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Conesa ◽  
Cynthia Brunold-Conesa ◽  
Mama Miron
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Face View ◽  
Media Authorship ◽  
Full Face

The present work recorded frequencies of five poses (left profile, half-left profile, full-face view, half-right profile, and right profile) by examining 4,180 single-subject portraits of various media. Statistically significant differences were found between the incidence of half-left and half-right profiles. These differences found across media, authorship, and five centuries of portrait work are consistent with right-hemisphere activation models in attentional bias and perception of emotion.

Recovery of the decline in activities of daily living after hospitalization through an individualized exercise programme: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Martínez-Velilla ◽  
Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu ◽  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bladder Control ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Climbing Stairs ◽  
Exercise Training Programme

Abstract Background During the period of hospitalization patients can develop functional decline. The main aim of our study was to assess the natural trajectory of each Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and to assess how in-hospital exercise could influence short-term trajectory of ADLs. Methods Acutely hospitalized patients (n=297, 56.5% women) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control (usual care) group within the first 48 hours of admission. An exercise training programme was prescribed in two daily sessions (morning and evening) of 20 minutes duration during 5–7 consecutive days for the intervention group. The primary end-point was the change in every ADL (assessed with the Barthel Index) from 2 weeks before admission to hospital discharge. Results Acute hospitalization per se led to significant in-patient’s functional ability impairment in ADLs during hospitalization, whereas the exercise intervention reversed this trend (3.7 points; 95% CI, 0.5 to 6.8 points). After analyzing the trajectory of each one of the ADLs, patients in the control group significantly worsened all activities, but with a different degree of loss. For the between-group analysis, significant differences were obtained in many ADLs including bathing, dressing, grooming, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility and climbing stairs (p&lt;0.05). The control group had the greatest impairment in all domains analyzed (i.e., feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, bowel control, bladder control, toilet use, transfers, mobility, and climbing stairs), p&lt;0.05. Conclusions An individualized multicomponent exercise training programme in older adults is effective to reverse the loss of specific ADLs that frequently occurs during hospitalization. Each patient profile should receive an individualized prescription of exercise during hospitalizations.

scholarly journals Effect of Resisted Sprint and Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Functional Performance in Collegiate Male Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6702
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Gokulakannan Kandasamy ◽  
Danah Alyahya ◽  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Collegiate Football

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of resisted sprint and plyometric training on sprint performance together with lower limb physiological and functional performance in collegiate football players. Ninety collegiate football players participated in this three-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups: resisted sprint training (RST) (n = 30), plyometric training (PT) (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Participants received their respective training program for six weeks on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were a knee extensor strength test (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer), a sprint test and a single leg triple hop test. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks post-training. Participants, caregivers, and those assigning the outcomes were blinded to the group assignment. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare between groups, within-group and the interaction between time and group. A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the baseline with the 6 weeks post-intervention scores for all the outcomes including STN (RST: d = 1.63; PT: d = 2.38; Control: d = 2.26), ST (RST: d = 1.21; PT: d = 1.36; Control: d = 0.38), and SLTHT (RST: d = 0.76; PT: d = 0.61; Control: d = 0.18). A sub-group analysis demonstrated an increase in strength in the plyometric training group (95% CI 14.73 to 15.09, p = 0.00), an increase in the single leg triple hop test in the resisted sprint training group (95% CI 516.41 to 538.4, p = 0.05), and the sprint test was also improved in both experimental groups (95% CI 8.54 to 8.82, p = 0.00). Our findings suggest that, during a short-term training period, RST or PT training are equally capable of enhancing the neuromechanical capacities of collegiate football players. No adverse events were reported by the participants.

scholarly journals Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sang Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji ◽  
Woo Hwang ◽  
Yeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

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