scholarly journals Is There a Causal Link between the Left Lateralization of Language and Other Brain Asymmetries? A Review of Data Gathered in Patients with Focal Brain Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unilateral Brain

This review evaluated if the hypothesis of a causal link between the left lateralization of language and other brain asymmetries could be supported by a careful review of data gathered in patients with unilateral brain lesions. In a short introduction a distinction was made between brain activities that could: (a) benefit from the shaping influences of language (such as the capacity to solve non-verbal cognitive tasks and the increased levels of consciousness and of intentionality); (b) be incompatible with the properties and the shaping activities of language (e.g., the relations between language and the automatic orienting of visual-spatial attention or between cognition and emotion) and (c) be more represented on the right hemisphere due to competition for cortical space. The correspondence between predictions based on the theoretical impact of language on other brain functions and data obtained in patients with lesions of the right and left hemisphere was then assessed. The reviewed data suggest that different kinds of hemispheric asymmetries observed in patients with unilateral brain lesions could be subsumed by common mechanisms, more or less directly linked to the left lateralization of language.

scholarly journals Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sang Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji ◽  
Woo Hwang ◽  
Yeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

scholarly journals About the neurolinguistics of the implicatures: abstract of a study

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Juliano Luís Fontanari
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
The Right

Taking into account recent data on linguistics of production and comprehension in aphasia, a protocol was executed including the several types of implicatures. The protocol was applied to 90 subjects classified according to the localization of cerebral lesions, as shown by CT. Results are discussed in report to clinical manifestations of brain lesions, as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and intelligence and pragmatics disturbances. Discussion supports the impression that there is a mechanism that correlates extra-linguistics contexts with the 'said' at the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Researching Hemispheric Specialization in the Control of Final Position Accuracy Using the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Teymuri Kheravi ◽  
Alireza Saberi Kakhki ◽  
Hamidreza Taheri ◽  
Ali Ghanaie Chamanabad ◽  
Mohammad Darainy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Position Accuracy ◽  
Left Dlpfc ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male University Students

Transcranial Direct Current Simulation (tDCS) can improve or disrupt brain functions and can therefore be used to investigate hemispheric specialization. Accordingly, this study was designed to research hemispheric specialization in the control of final position accuracy by comparing the effects of tDCS on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the right and left hemispheres. Forty-three right-handed male university students (aged 21.34±1.61) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided into the right DLPFC, left DLPFC, sham, and practice groups, including 12, 11, 9, and 11 participants, respectively. After learning motor skills in two days, the participants practiced final position accuracy in one day. They were asked to move the cursor toward the centers of targets appearing randomly at the top, middle, and bottom on the right side of a monitor as accurately and quickly as they could. At the time of practice, the participants received anodic stimulation in one hemisphere and cathodic stimulation in the other. The results indicated that the left anodic/right cathodic group (left DLPFC) showed the worst performance, which may be caused by the inhibitory effects of cathodic stimulations in the right DLPFC. Therefore, it is predicted that the right hemisphere may have greater specialization in final position accuracy of movement.

scholarly journals A Causal Link between Visual Spatial Attention and Reading Acquisition

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 814-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Franceschini ◽  
Simone Gori ◽  
Milena Ruffino ◽  
Katia Pedrolli ◽  
Andrea Facoetti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Reading Acquisition ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial

Cognitive Effects of Unilateral Brain Lesions Secondary to Penetrating Missile Wounds

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Black
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Nonverbal Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unilateral Brain ◽  
Normal Controls

The WAIS verbal and nonverbal subtest performance of Ss with unilateral brain lesions secondary to penetrating missile wounds was examined and compared with that of normal controls. The performance of matched right- and left-hemisphere lesion Ss differed significantly on only two verbal and one nonverbal measures, however, all performance differences were in the direction hypothesized. The performance of right-hemisphere lesioned and control Ss differed significantly on all measures, with consistently lower scores by brain-injured Ss, while the performance of left-hemisphere and control Ss differed significantly on the three verbal measures and WAIS Full Scale IQ. These results are in general agreement with previous reports using a similar research design and tend to support the hypothesis of differential impairment of verbal and nonverbal test performance in Ss with unilateral brain lesions.

scholarly journals Story reading with incidental comprehension and memory: left hemisphere dominance

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 963-973
Author(s):  
Nora Silvana Vigliecca
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Implicit Processing ◽  
Uncued Condition ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Cerebral Laterality ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Unilateral Brain

ABSTRACT Background: There are no studies on adults with unilateral brain lesions regarding story reading with incidental/implicit comprehension and memory, in which memory is only assessed through delayed recall. There is a need for validation of cerebral laterality in this type of verbal recall, which includes spontaneous performance (free or uncued condition (UC)), and induced-through-question performance regarding the forgotten units (cued condition (CC)). Objectives: To explore the effects of unilateral brain lesions, of oral reading with expression (RE) and comprehension (RC) on delayed recall of a story, as either UC or CC; and to validate the ability of UC and CC to discriminate the side of brain injury. Methods: Data were obtained from 200 right-handed volunteers, among whom 42 had left-hemisphere injury (LHI), 49 had right-hemisphere injury (RHI) and 109 were demographically-matched healthy participants (HP). Patients who were unable to read, understand or speak were excluded. Results: LHI individuals presented impairment of both UC and CC, in relation to the other two groups (non-LHI) with sensitivity and specificity above 70%. LHI and RHI individuals were not significantly different in RE and RC, but they were both different from HP in all the assessments except CC, in which RHI individuals resembled HP. Despite this lack of abnormality in RHI individuals during CC, about half of this group showed impairment in UC. Additionally, whereas RE had a significant effect on UC, the moral of the story (RC) had a significant effect on both UC and CC. Conclusions: The left hemisphere was dominant for this memory task involving implicit processing.

Unilateral Brain Lesions and MMPI Performance: A Preliminary Study

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Black
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Unilateral Brain

Samples of 15 Ss with right- and 20 Ss with left-hemisphere brain lesions secondary to war-related penetrating missile wounds were matched for age, education, and recency of injury and evaluated with the MMPI. Right-hemisphere lesioned Ss produced a composite profile with all scales within normal limits. In contrast, the composite profile of left-hemisphere lesioned Ss showed significant elevations on the Sc, D, and Hs clinical scales, suggesting increased psychopathological responses in such Ss. Although the general configurations of the composite MMPI profiles in the two samples were similar, significant differences in the elevation of both validity and clinical scales were obtained. The results tend to support previous findings of a depressive-catastrophic reaction in patients with lesions in the dominant hemisphere, while not supporting the euphoric-indifference response in nondominant-hemisphere lesioned Ss.

Apraxia and aphasia for a visual-gestural language

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R868-R883 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Poizner ◽  
U. Bellugi ◽  
V. Iragui
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Unilateral Brain Damage ◽  
Underlying Disorder ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Unilateral Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Since signed languages utilize visual-gestural channels, their study allows a unique opportunity for insight into the ways language and gesture may be represented in the brain. The separability of apraxia and aphasia for sign language was examined in four deaf signers who had unilateral brain damage, three to the left hemisphere and one to the right hemisphere. These patients were administered various tests for apraxia and a test of pantomime recognition. The patient with damage to the right hemisphere was not apraxic as we would expect. For the patients with damage to the left hemisphere, all of whom were aphasic for sign language, strong dissociations emerged between their capacities for sign language and their nonlinguistic motor skills. The language deficits of these patients seemed related to specific linguistic components of sign language rather than to an underlying motor disorder or an underlying disorder in the capacity to express and comprehend symbols of any kind. This separation between linguistic and nonlinguistic function is all the more striking, because sign language and gesture are transmitted in the same modality.

scholarly journals Potentials of Ultrahigh-Field MRI for the Study of Somatosensory Reorganization in Congenital Hemiplegia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Fiori ◽  
Laura Biagi ◽  
Paolo Cecchi ◽  
Giovanni Cioni ◽  
Elena Beani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Sensory Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Ultrahigh Field ◽  
Motor Reorganization ◽  
Unilateral Brain

Reorganization of somatosensory function influences the clinical recovery of subjects with congenital unilateral brain lesions. Ultrahigh-field (UHF) functional MRI (fMRI) with the use of a 7 T magnet has the potential to contribute fundamentally to the current knowledge of such plasticity mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary information on the possible advantages of the study of somatosensory reorganization at UHF fMRI. We enrolled 6 young adults (mean age 25 ± 6 years) with congenital unilateral brain lesions (4 in the left hemisphere and 2 in the right hemisphere; 4 with perilesional motor reorganization and 2 with contralesional motor reorganization) and 7 healthy age-matched controls. Nondominant hand sensory assessment included stereognosis and 2-point discrimination. Task-dependent fMRI was performed to elicit a somatosensory activation by using a safe and quantitative device developed ad hoc to deliver a reproducible gentle tactile stimulus to the distal phalanx of thumb and index fingers. Group analysis was performed in the control group. Individual analyses in the native space were performed with data of hemiplegic subjects. The gentle tactile stimulus showed great accuracy in determining somatosensory cortex activation. Single-subject gentle tactile stimulus showed an S1 activation in the postcentral gyrus and an S2 activation in the inferior parietal insular cortex. A correlation emerged between an index of S1 reorganization (distance between expected and reorganized S1) and sensory deficit (p<0.05) in subjects with hemiplegia, with higher distance related to a more severe sensory deficit. Increase in spatial resolution at 7 T allows a better localization of reorganized tactile function validated by its correlation with clinical measures. Our results support the S1 early-determination hypothesis and support the central role of topography of reorganized S1 compared to a less relevant S1-M1 integration.

The effect of brief auditory non-vocal emotional cues on visual spatial attention

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Neil R. Harrison ◽  
Simon Davies
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Validity Effect ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Cue Validity ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Auditory Cue ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
The Right

It is well established that emotional stimuli can modulate selective spatial attention within the same modality. Recent research has shown that the emotional content of a stimulus in one modality can modify spatial attention in a separate modality (Brosch et al., 2008). So far, this effect has been shown only for emotional stimuli consisting of prosody cues, and it remains unclear how non-vocal emotional auditory cues affect visual spatial attention. The current experiment used a modified spatial cueing design to assess the effects of brief (1000 ms) non-vocal emotional (positive, negative, or neutral) auditory stimuli on visual spatial attention. Participants were required to indicate whether a visual (non-emotional) target appeared either in the left or the right visual field, after hearing a spatially non-predictive peripheral auditory cue. The auditory cue could be on the same side as the visual target (‘valid’ trial) or on the opposite side (‘invalid’ trial). Overall participants were faster to respond to visual targets that appeared on the same side as the auditory cue. Importantly, the magnitude of the cue validity effect (RT to invalid minus RT to valid cue) differed according to the emotional content of the auditory stimulus, but only for visual targets appearing in the right hemifield. Here, for non-vocal auditory signals, the cue validity effect was reduced for negative cues compared to neutral and positive stimuli, showing an opposite pattern to experiments that have reported an enhanced cue validity effect for emotional prosody stimuli (e.g., Brosch et al., 2008).

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