scholarly journals Assessment of Body Composition in Health and Disease Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA): A Critical Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Marra ◽  
Rosa Sammarco ◽  
Antonino De Lorenzo ◽  
Ferdinando Iellamo ◽  
Mario Siervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Health And Disease

The measurement of body composition (BC) represents a valuable tool to assess nutritional status in health and disease. The most used methods to evaluate BC in the clinical practice are based on bicompartment models and measure, directly or indirectly, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (nowadays considered as the reference technique in clinical practice) are extensively used in epidemiological (mainly BIA) and clinical (mainly DXA) settings to evaluate BC. DXA is primarily used for the measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and density to assess bone health and diagnose osteoporosis in defined anatomical regions (femur and spine). However, total body DXA scans are used to derive a three-compartment BC model, including BMC, FM, and FFM. Both these methods feature some limitations: the accuracy of BIA measurements is reduced when specific predictive equations and standardized measurement protocols are not utilized whereas the limitations of DXA are the safety of repeated measurements (no more than two body scans per year are currently advised), cost, and technical expertise. This review aims to provide useful insights mostly into the use of BC methods in prevention and clinical practice (ambulatory or bedridden patients). We believe that it will stimulate a discussion on the topic and reinvigorate the crucial role of BC evaluation in diagnostic and clinical investigation protocols.

scholarly journals Validation of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the assessment of body composition in young children: the EarlyBird cohort

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Hosking ◽  
Brad S. Metcalf ◽  
Alison N. Jeffery ◽  
Linda D. Voss ◽  
Terence J. Wilkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray

Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is simple and non-invasive, making it particularly suitable for use in children. There is insufficient evidence of the validity of foot-to-foot BIA compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the criterion method in healthy young children. Our objective was to assess the validity of foot-to-foot BIA against DEXA in a large cohort of healthy young children. Body composition was measured by foot-to-foot BIA and DEXA in 203 children (mean age 8·9 (sd0·3) years). Bland–Altman and simple linear regression analyses were used to determine agreement between methods. BIA overestimated fat-free mass by a mean of 2·4 % in boys and 5·7 % in girls, while fat mass was underestimated by 6·5 % in boys and 10·3 % in girls. The percentage fat recorded by BIA was, accordingly, also lower than by DEXA (boys 4·8 %; girls 12·8 %). In boys, however, there were correlations between the size of the difference between methods and the size of the measure under consideration such that in smaller boys fat-free mass was underestimated (r − 0·57;P < 0·001) while fat mass and percentage fat were overestimated (r0·74 for fat mass;r0·69 for percentage fat; bothP < 0·001) with the reverse in bigger boys. Mean differences between techniques were greater in the girls than in the boys but in boys only, the direction of the differences was dependent upon the size of the child. Therefore, BIA may be useful for large-scale studies but is not interchangeable with DEXA and should be interpreted with caution in individuals.

Determination of body fat percentage by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
O. A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
N. V. Toroptsova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. Several research methods are used to determine the amount of body fat, including the «gold standard» dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method is an alternative for assessing body composition that does not require special conditions for placement and examination, but the accuracy of its results depends on the hydration of the body.Objective. To compare the results of determining the percentage of body fat using multi-frequency (MF) BIA and DXA.Material and methods. The study included 20 volunteers (11 women and 9 men) aged 26 to 70 years without serious metabolic, cardiovascular or endocrine diseases. Two repeated measurements were performed using the MF-BIA method on the MS FIT device and the DXA method on the Lunar Prodigy Advance device.Results. There were no significant differences in the average percentage of body fat in repeated measurements by MF-BIA and DXA methods, and the intra-group correlation coefficients (r2 ) were 0.999 and 0.997, respectively. A high and significant correlation in percentage of body fat was found between the MF-BIA and DXA (r = 0.973, p < 0.001). The average difference between the results of these two methods was 0.1243%. Differences in percentage of body fat that exceeded two or more standard deviations were detected less than in 5% cases, so the data on body fat content estimated using DXA and BIA are consistent and can be considered almost equal.Conclusion. Our study has shown that the MS FIT body composition device using the MF-BIA method can be an alternative to DXA for assessing the percentage of body fat without introducing additional formulas to recalculate the data obtained.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in the Assessment of Body Composition in Women with Anorexia Nervosa upon Admission and Discharge from an Inpatient Specialist Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11388
Author(s):  
Afrouz Abbaspour ◽  
Kylie K. Reed ◽  
Christopher Hübel ◽  
Emily C. Bulik-Sullivan ◽  
Quyen Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray

Assessment of body composition is fundamental in diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). The gold standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is expensive and not universally available. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, inexpensive method relative to DXA. We compared DXA and BIA in the assessment of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage (BF%) in women with AN upon admission (ANT1) and discharge (ANT2) from an inpatient specialist unit with a referent healthy control (HC) group. The study population consisted of 31 ANT1, 25 ANT2, and 52 HC women with median age of 21 years. Body composition was measured by DXA and Tanita foot-to-foot BIA. Comparison between the two methods was done using Bland–Altman analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, and linear regression. The mean difference (bias) in FM and BF% values obtained by DXA and BIA in ANT1 (FM: +1.01 kg, BF%: +2.26%) and ANT2 (FM: +1.49 kg, BF%: +1.66%) were comparable to HC (FM: −1.32 kg, BF%: −2.29%) although in opposite directions. Less bias was observed in FFM values in ANT1 (−0.46 kg) and ANT2 (−0.86 kg) than in HC (+2.03 kg); however, the limits of agreement between the two methods were wider in ANT1 and ANT2 than in HC for all measurements. No association was observed between age, percentage of total body water, and the time spent on the inpatient specialist unit with the difference in estimates of body composition between DXA and BIA. Comparison of DXA and BIA suggests that DXA should remain the gold standard for measuring body composition; the development of more specific BIA equations is required to improve validity and precision of BIA in patients with AN. Despite ease and cost in both BIA access and operation, the suitability of BIA in a low bodyweight eating disorders population remains questionable.

Techniques For Assessment Of Body Composition In Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M Prado ◽  
Camila LP Oliveira ◽  
M Cristina Gonzalez ◽  
Steven B Heymsfield
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
X Ray

Body composition assessment is an important tool in both clinical and research settings able to characterize the nutritional status of individuals in various physiologic and pathologic conditions. Health care professionals can use the information acquired by body composition analysis for the prevention and treatment of diseases, ultimately improving health status. Here we describe commonly used techniques to assess body composition in healthy individuals, including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, air displacement plethysmography, and ultrasonography. Understanding the key underlying concept(s) of each assessment method, as well as its advantages and limitations, facilitates selection of the method of choice and the method of the compartment of interest. This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables and 52 references Key words: air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis, body composition, disease, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, health, muscle mass, nutritional status, obesity, sarcopenia, ultrasound fat mass

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