Pneumonia, an Unusual Initial Presentation of Neonatal Herpes Infection

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality rates. Neonatal herpes, most commonly due to HSV type 2, is a multi-system disease; however, initial pulmonary presentation is extremely unusual. We describe an infant presenting with progressive respiratory distress, which was the dominant clinical feature of HSV infection during the first days of life. Sepsis work-up and antibiotic treatment were immediately initiated; however, antiviral treatment was not given until the infant’s death. HSV type 1 was isolated in nasopharyngeal and endotracheal aspirates. HSV pneumonia should be considered in a newborn with respiratory deterioration not compatible with common neonatal respiratory diseases.

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A Preterm With Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) After Kangaroo Mother Care: Role of Prevention and Early Treatment

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/09732179211059632 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097321792110596

Author(s):

Abhishek Saini ◽

Jyoti Patodia ◽

Jaikrishan Mittal

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus

Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection represents the most severe form of neonatal herpes, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It can be completely prevented and early antiviral treatment can significantly reduce its adverse outcomes. Its early recognition in the neonate can be difficult, since the clinical presentation often mimics bacterial sepsis especially in absence of cutaneous vesicles. We report a case of preterm (twin 1) baby who during the hospital stay developed disseminated neonatal HSV type 1 infection, possibly acquired during kangaroo mother care, as on examination mother was noticed to have herpes labialis. The other twin 2 baby also developed few macular papular rash and was immediately started on antiviral treatment. The purpose of this report is to alert healthcare providers to this potential route of transmission. Furthermore, it is essential to consider neonatal HSV infection in any sick infant who is not responding to standard empirical antibiotic management, even in the absence of herpetic lesions.

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Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Central Nervous System Disease With Acute Retinal Necrosis

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0000000000000137 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 424-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Choong Yi Fong ◽

Aye Mya Min Aye ◽

Mohammadreza Peyman ◽

Norazlin Kamal Nor ◽

Subrayan Visvaraja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Central Nervous System Disease ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

System Disease ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus

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Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Recurrence with Central Nervous System Disease in Twins after Completion of a Six-Month Course of Suppressive Therapy: Case Report

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3402011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (03) ◽

pp. 221-224

Author(s):

Anthony Grondin ◽

Eloïse Baudou ◽

Marlène Pasquet ◽

Sonia Pelluau ◽

Karim Jamal-Bey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Central Nervous System Disease ◽

Suppressive Therapy ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

System Disease ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus

AbstractSeventeen-day-old twins were hospitalized for neonatal herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) with central nervous system disease and internal capsule and thalamic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They were treated with the usual intravenous (IV) treatment and oral therapy for 6 months. The clinical course was good in both children with negative HSV polymerase chain reaction on completion of IV therapy. The neurological condition recurred in one child with new radiological lesions at 7 months of age, 2 weeks after discontinuation of oral treatment. Cerebral lesions highlighted on the MRI scan are specific to the neonatal period and impact long-term prognosis. The likely genetic predisposition in this case is interesting and requires further investigation. In addition, this case raises questions about the duration of oral acyclovir suppressive therapy.

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Fatal Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection Likely from Unrecognized Breast Lesions

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334415596987 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 86-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Scott S. Field

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex ◽

Breast Lesions ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

Lactation Consultant ◽

Simplex Infection ◽

Care Workers ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is very prevalent yet in rare circumstances can lead to fatal neonatal disease. Genital acquisition of type 2 HSV is the usual mode for neonatal herpes, but HSV-1 transmission by genital or extragenital means may result in greater mortality rates. A very rare scenario is presented in which the mode of transmission was likely through breast lesions. The lesions were seen by nurses as well as the lactation consultant and obstetrician in the hospital after delivery of the affected baby but not recognized as possibly being caused by herpes. The baby died 9 days after birth with hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Peripartum health care workers need to be aware of potential nongenital (including from the breast[s]) neonatal herpes acquisition, which can be lethal.

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Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 from a Maternal Breast Lesion

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.71.3.455 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 455-457

Author(s):

JOHN Z. SULLIVAN-BOLYAI ◽

KENNETH H. FIFE ◽

RICHARD F. JACOBS ◽

ZACHARY MILLER ◽

LAWRENCE COREY

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Breast Lesion ◽

Male Infant ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

Near Term ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus

Most cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) result from contact with infected secretions from the maternal genital tract.1 Postnatal acquisition of neonatal HSV infections, a subject recently reviewed by Light,2 is uncommon. We report a case of fatal neonatal HSV-1 infection acquired by contact with a maternal breast lesion. Restriction endonuclease "fingerprinting" revealed a similar pattern in the viruses isolated from the maternal breast lesion and the infant's skin lesion. The purpose of this report is to alert physicians of this potential route of transmission, especially in women experiencing primary mucocutaneous HSV infection at or near term. CASE REPORT A 3,693-g male infant was born to a 21-year-old white primigravida after an uneventful term pregnancy.

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Fatal disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in neonates in a forensic setting

Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12024-016-9834-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 99-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jia Hao Wu ◽

Sarah Parsons

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

Forensic Setting ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus

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Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection Possibly Acquired via Maternal Breast Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.63.2.250 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

Lisa M. Dunkle ◽

Rose Rita Schmidt ◽

Dennis M. O'Connor

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Neonatal Herpes ◽

Simplex Infection ◽

History Of ◽

Neonatal Herpes Simplex ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

A newborn infant with disseminated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection was determined serologicallv to have acquired the infection postnatally; his mother was found to have HSV-1 in her breast milk but had no history of genital lesions and negative viral cultures of cervix, vagina, and throat. We suggest that HSV-infected maternal breast milk may be a source of this infection for susceptible infants.

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