scholarly journals An ECoG-Based Binary Classification of BCI Using Optimized Extreme Learning Machine

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xinman Zhang ◽  
Qi Xiong ◽  
Yixuan Dai ◽  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Guokun Song
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Common Spatial Pattern ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Electrocorticogram Ecog ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Bci System ◽  
System Approaches

In order to improve the accuracy of brain signal processing and accelerate speed meanwhile, we present an optimal and intelligent method for large dataset classification application in this paper. Optimized Extreme Learning Machine (OELM) is introduced in ElectroCorticoGram (ECoG) feature classification of motor imaginary-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system, with common spatial pattern (CSP) to extract the feature. When comparing it with other conventional classification methods like SVM and ELM, we exploit several metrics to evaluate the performance of all the adopted methods objectively. The accuracy of the proposed BCI system approaches approximately 92.31% when classifying ECoG epochs into left pinky or tongue movement, while the highest accuracy obtained by other methods is no more than 81%, which substantiates that OELM is more efficient than SVM, ELM, etc. Moreover, the simulation results also demonstrate that OELM will significantly improve the performance with p value being far less than 0.001. Hence, the proposed OELM is satisfactory in addressing ECoG signal.

scholarly journals Multi-layer intrusion detection system with ExtraTrees feature selection, extreme learning machine ensemble, and softmax aggregation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivitesh Sharma ◽  
Charul Giri ◽  
Ole-Christoffer Granmo ◽  
Morten Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Weighted Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Multi Class Classification

Abstract Recent advances in intrusion detection systems based on machine learning have indeed outperformed other techniques, but struggle with detecting multiple classes of attacks with high accuracy. We propose a method that works in three stages. First, the ExtraTrees classifier is used to select relevant features for each type of attack individually for each (ELM). Then, an ensemble of ELMs is used to detect each type of attack separately. Finally, the results of all ELMs are combined using a softmax layer to refine the results and increase the accuracy further. The intuition behind our system is that multi-class classification is quite difficult compared to binary classification. So, we divide the multi-class problem into multiple binary classifications. We test our method on the UNSW and KDDcup99 datasets. The results clearly show that our proposed method is able to outperform all the other methods, with a high margin. Our system is able to achieve 98.24% and 99.76% accuracy for multi-class classification on the UNSW and KDDcup99 datasets, respectively. Additionally, we use the weighted extreme learning machine to alleviate the problem of imbalance in classification of attacks, which further boosts performance. Lastly, we implement the ensemble of ELMs in parallel using GPUs to perform intrusion detection in real time.

Differential Evolution Extreme Learning Machine for the Classification of Hyperspectral Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1066-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakoub Bazi ◽  
Naif Alajlan ◽  
Farid Melgani ◽  
Haikel AlHichri ◽  
Salim Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Learning Machine

Classification of BMI Control Commands Using Extreme Learning Machine from Spike Trains of Simultaneously Recorded 34 CA1 Single Neural Signals

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Youngbum Lee ◽  
Hyunjoo Lee ◽  
Yiran Lang ◽  
Jinkwon Kim ◽  
Myoungho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Learning Machine

scholarly journals Multi-Classification of Fetal Health Status Using Extreme Learning Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Ömer KASIM
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Multiple Classification ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Multi Class Classification ◽  
The University

Cardiotocography (CTG) is used for monitoring the fetal heart rate signals during pregnancy. Evaluation of these signals by specialists provides information about fetal status. When a clinical decision support system is introduced with a system that can automatically classify these signals, it is more sensitive for experts to examine CTG data. In this study, CTG data were analysed with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm and these data were classified as normal, suspicious and pathological as well as benign and malicious. The proposed method is validated with the University of California International CTG data set. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with accuracy, f1 score, Cohen kappa, precision, and recall metrics. As a result of the experiments, binary classification accuracy was obtained as 99.29%. There was only 1 false positive.  When multi-class classification was performed, the accuracy was obtained as 98.12%.  The amount of false positives was found as 2. The processing time of the training and testing of the ELM algorithm were quite minimized in terms of data processing compared to the support vector machine and multi-layer perceptron. This result proved that a high classification accuracy was obtained by analysing the CTG data both binary and multiple classification.

scholarly journals Embedding Tangent Space Extreme Learning Machine for EEG Decoding in Brain Computer Interface Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mingwei Zhang ◽  
Yao Hou ◽  
Rongnian Tang ◽  
Youjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Tangent Space ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Covariance Matrices ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Spatial Covariance ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Bci System

In motor imagery brain computer interface system, the spatial covariance matrices of EEG signals which carried important discriminative information have been well used to improve the decoding performance of motor imagery. However, the covariance matrices often suffer from the problem of high dimensionality, which leads to a high computational cost and overfitting. These problems directly limit the application ability and work efficiency of the BCI system. To improve these problems and enhance the performance of the BCI system, in this study, we propose a novel semisupervised locality-preserving graph embedding model to learn a low-dimensional embedding. This approach enables a low-dimensional embedding to capture more discriminant information for classification by efficiently incorporating information from testing and training data into a Riemannian graph. Furthermore, we obtain an efficient classification algorithm using an extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier developed on the tangent space of a learned embedding. Experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves higher classification performance than benchmark methods on various datasets, including the BCI Competition IIa dataset and in-house BCI datasets.

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