Yi He Yuan (Summer Palace Parkı) Koruma Çalışmalarının Peyzaj Tasarımı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Saray bahçelerinin M.Ö. 3.yüzyıla uzanmakta olup, biçimsel düzene sahip olan bahçeler zamanının ihtişam ve saltanatının önemli bir hale gelmiş ve saray bahçelerinin olgunlaşması organizasyonları belli dönemleri yansıtmıştır. Bu, Pekin'deki Yi He Yuan'ın kullanım tarihi, planlamasının uygulanması, Çin parkının tasarımında değerlendirilmesi ve tasarımın tasarımı ile ve bahçelerinin tasarımlarının tasarımına yönelik bir çalışmadır. Çevrede bulunanların satın aldığı Parki Yuan (Yaz Sarayı)'nın – yeşil alan çizelgeleri, açıklamaların açıklanması ve araştırma mimarlığı ile Çin Park ve bahçe tasarım araştırmalarının araştırmalarının hedeflenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

PRIMARY EDUCATION IN TABRIZ CITY DURING THE GAJARS PERIOD

Education was of religious character with schools and madrasahs in Tabriz, as in all Muslim cities during the Middle Ages and was based on the methodology of religious tenets. This type of education system dates back to the early years of Islam and was yet ongoing during its research period. Schools provided primary spiritual education, whereas madrasahs provided high religious education. The first madrasah in Iran was established in Tabriz. Literacy was taught and basic rules and regulations were applied at schools. They operated mainly within the mosques and the classes were held in zaviya (madrasah) and cell. The mosques performed numerous functions. They were not only places of worship (practicing namaz, listening to preaching, etc.), but also the place where Sharia laws are studied and propagated; holy war and peace declared; spoils of war are distributed; letters sent to the authorities; funerals held and where the other work was done.

SAHİPSİZ HAYVANLARIN ŞEHİR, ÇEVRE VE HALK SAĞLIĞI, HAYVAN SAĞLIĞI VE HAYVAN REFAHI YÖNÜNDEN KONTROLÜNDE BAKANLIKLAR ARASI İŞBİRLİĞİNDE KARŞILAŞILAN AKSAKLIKLAR VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ

Başıboş dolaşan kedi ve köpekler dünya genelinde olduğu gibi ülkemizde de sahipsiz hayvan olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Varlığı, çevre ve insan sağlığı açısından hoş karşılanmayan sahipsiz hayvanların kontrol dışı üremesi, sahipli hayvanların terkedilmesi, sahipli hayvanların yavrularının çevreye bırakılması gibi sebepler sahipsiz hayvanların mevcudunu giderek arttırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla insanlarla iç içe bir yaşam söz konusudur. Durum böyle olunca da onların sağlığı ve refahı direkt olarak insanları ilgilendirmektedir. Avrupa Birliği müzakere pozisyonunun esaslarında yer alan çok önemli konular arasında hayvan refahına da yer verilmektedir. İngiltere’de kurulan Hayvan Refahı Komitesi 1993 yılında hayvan hakları bağlamında “1- Hayvanların açlık, susuzluk vb. şeklinde ihtiyaçlarından yoksun bırakılmaması, 2- Hayvanların bulundukları çevre şartlarından rahatsız olmamaları, 3- Hayvanların acı ve ağrıya neden olan çarpma, yaralanma ve hastalıklardan korunması, 4- Hayvanların normal davranışlarını sergileyebilmesi, 5- Hayvanların korku ve strese neden olan olaylardan korunması” şeklindeki beş maddeyi yayınlamıştır. Hayvan Refahı; hayvanların rahat, huzurlu, sağlıklı ve kolaylıkla yaşam sürmesinin sağlanması olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında öncelikli olarak dünya ülkelerinde sokak hayvanlarının refahına yönelik genel bilgilerin yanında, özellikle yakın coğrafyamızda yer alan Ermenistan, Azerbaycan, Arnavutluk, Moldova ve Ukrayna gibi ülkelerde hayvanların refahının korunması yönündeki yetersiz uygulamalardan bahsedildi. Ayrıca Finlandiya, Hollanda, İtalya, Almanya, İngiltere ve Fransa gibi ülkelerde ileri düzeydeki çalışmalardan da özet bilgiler verildi. Ülkemizdeki İçişleri Bakanlığı, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Sağlık Bakanlığı, Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlıkları’nın sahipsiz hayvanların refahı ve kayıt altına alınmaları ile Elektronik Bilgi Sistemi kurulması uygulamalarına yönelik mevcut durum ve sorunlar irdelenerek, çözüm önerileri hakkında özlü bilgiler sunuldu.

Traffic Congestion and Efficient Ways to Deal with It in Tbilisi, Georgia

Traffic Congestion has become a new version of plague for urbanized areas. Massive breakthroughs in technology, increasing in production of motorized cars, global reduction in prices for automobiles and the rapid population growth in Tbilisi, Georgia has led to the urgence of complete rearrangement of transportation system in the city. As a post-Soviet Union country, Georgia has had rudiments like “Marshrutkas” (privately owned minibuses) as a primary mode of transportation. Serious research and actions started in 2019 when sustainable urban mobility plan was introduced in Tbilisi; which favors public transport and pedestrians. In the course of this project one of the main avenues was converted into complete street model and hourly parking was introduced in the city centers. However, the problem regarding traffic jams still stands. This paper contributes to analyzing current situation in Tbilisi and suggesting suitable solutions. It will cover how reversible lanes, road pricing, signalized Intersections, reserved bus lanes and parking can be adapted to Tbilisi in order to reduce traffic jams.

Smart Agent and it’s effect on Artificial Intelligence : A Review Study

Current networking technologies, as well as the ready availability of large quantities of data and knowledge on the Internet-based Infosphere, offer tremendous opportunities for providing more abundant and reliable information to decision makers and decision support systems. The use of the Internet has increased at a breakneck pace. Some prevailing features of the Infosphere, however, have hindered successful use of the Internet by humans or decision support machine systems. To begin with, the information available on the internet is disorganized, multi-modal, and spread around the globe on server pages. Second, every day, the number and variety of data sources and services grows dramatically. In addition, the availability, type, and dependability of information services are all changing all the time. Third, the same piece of knowledge can be obtained from a number of different sources. Fourth, due to the complex existence of information sources and possible information updating and maintenance issues, information is vague and probably incorrect. As a result, collecting, filtering, evaluating, and using information in problem solving is becoming increasingly difficult for a human or computer device. As a consequence, identifying information sources, accessing, filtering, and incorporating data in support of decision-making, as well as managing information retrieval and problem-solving efforts of information sources and decision-making processes, has become a critical challenge. To fix this issue, the idea of "Intelligent Software Agents" has been suggested. Although a precise definition of an intelligent agent is still a work in progress, the current working definition is that Intelligent Software Agents are programs that act on behalf of their human users to perform laborious information gathering tasks such as locating and accessing information from various on-line information sources, resolving inconsistencies in the retrieved information, filtering out irrelevant data.

TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN OFF-GRID HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM WITH HOMER PRO

The decrease in fossil-based energy sources and increasing environmental problems increase the tendency to renewable energy sources day by day. The potential of renewable energy sources differs according to the region where the energy will be produced. For this reason, it is crucial to conduct a good feasibility study that deals with the selected systems from a technical and economic point of view before making an investment decision on energy conversion systems based on renewable energy sources. In this study, the most suitable equipment and capacities were investigated by examining the techno-economic analysis of a hybrid system created with wind-solar renewable energies for a detached house, which is considered off-grid, in a rural area of Tekirdağ province (40o58.7ı N, 27o30.7ı E). Investigations were carried out using the HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) program. The wind and solar energy potential of Tekirdağ province were obtained from the NASA renewable energy resources database added to the HOMER Pro program. The daily electricity requirement of the sample house was chosen as 11.27 kWh, and the current peak electrical load was chosen as 2.39 kW. A wind turbine is connected to the AC busbars, solar collectors and battery group connected to the DC busbars, and a converter that converts energy between AC and DC busbars in the energy conversion system. In order to determine the optimum capacities of the system elements, 27486 different simulations were performed by HOMER Pro. The selection of the most suitable system among these was determined according to the lowest net present cost (NPC) value. In addition, the energy production capacities that will occur in the case of different wind speeds were also investigated. Accordingly, the system to be installed with a solar panel with a capacity of 6.25 kW, PV-MPPT with a capacity of 1 kW, 2 wind turbines with a capacity of 1 kW, 8 Lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 6V-167 Ah, and a converter with a capacity of 2.5 kW has been determined will generate electrical energy of 5433 kWh per year. In addition, it has been determined that 61.8% of this produced energy will be obtained from solar energy and 38.2% from wind energy, and the simple payback period of the investment will be 14 years. It is thought that this study will provide valuable information to researchers and investors.

In vitro antioxidant properties of 2-(4-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzylideneamino)benzoic acid

In recent years, it has attracted great attention to determine and appraise synthetic antioxidants with high free radical scavenging capacity associated with various disorders. Because synthetic antioxidants are widely used in place of native antioxidants as they are influential and less expensive. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the newly synthesized asymmetric diimine Schiff base was determined by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation (FIC) activity and total antioxidant activity (Phosphomolybdenum assay) methods. The effective concentration (IC50) values were calculated for the Schiff base and standards. According to the results of DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation and total antioxidant methods, Schiff base showed a well antioxidant activity. It was determined that Schiff base is reactive towards DPPH radicals (IC50, 180.0 μM) and especially Fe+2 ions (IC50, 76.3 μM). It was also found that it actively reduces the Mo(VI) ion to the Mo(V) form (IC50, 121.5 μM). The our results indicate Schiff base, may be a fine candidate as a source of synthetic antioxidants and possibly strong drug.

THE İşlemsel Liderlik ve Bilgi Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişki

Liderler, aynı tutuma veya aynı bakış açısına sahip değildir. Siyasi, ticari veya diğer alanlarda liderler tarafından sergilenebilecek birçok farklı liderlik türünün var olduğu görülmektedir. Liderlik stili, liderin yön sağlama, planları uygulama ve insanları motive etme tarzıdır. İşlemsel liderlik tarzına baktığımızda, takipçileri öncelikle kendi çıkarlarına hitap ederek motive etmeyi ve yönlendirmeyi içermektedir. Ayrıca bilgi yönetimi, organizasyonel bilgiyi yakalama, geliştirme, paylaşma ve etkin bir şekilde kullanma sürecidir. Bilgiyi en iyi şekilde kullanarak organizasyonel hedeflere ulaşmak için çok disiplinli bir yaklaşımı ifade etmektedir. Liderlik stilinin, organizasyonun bilgi yönetiminin süreç ve adımlarını karşılama eğilimi ve biçimi üzerinde doğrudan etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışma, bir kamu hastanesinde çalışan sağlık personellerinin işlemsel liderlik özelliklerinin bilgi yönetimi üzerindeki ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Değişkenleri analiz etmek ve hipotezleri araştırmak için tanımlayıcı istatistik tekniği kullanılmıştır.

Bioethanol Production Through Syngas Fermentation by a Novel Immobilized Bioreactor Using Clostridium Ragsdalei

Global energy demand has been escalating creating ever increasing pressure on climate crisis caused by fossil-based fuels. Humankind is now desperately in need of alternative and sustainable energy sources. Therefore, biofuels provide promising solution. Amongst the various biofuels, bioethanol from syngas, which is a mixture of, mostly, CO, CO2, N2, H2, and CH4 gases has been drawing increasing attention recently. Regarding this, the conversion of syngas to bioethanol, an alternative biofuel to fossil fuels, is considered a promising approach to reduce the negative effects of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, a novel immobilized cell bioreactor, where Clostridium ragsdalei was grown, was designed and used to achieve an efficient production of ethanol regarding volumetric production. For this purpose, a 300 mL immobilized reactor filled with ceramic balls as immobilization material was set and operated at 30oC throughout the study where CO gas as the main substrate was fed at rate of 6 ml/min continuously. Results showed ethanol and acetic acid concentrations reaching up to 1.4 g/L and 0.2 g/L, respectively, after 600h with a volumetric production rate of 0,0023g ethanol/L/h. We believe, the ceramic ball was used for bioethanol production for syngas for the first time.

English Estimating Fatigue of Nr45 Natural Rubber Used in Crank Pulley

Rubber is used as a vibration damper in many engineering applications, especially in the automotive industry. Rubber is used to dampen torsional vibration in internal combustion engines. Therefore, crank pulleys are used to dampen the crankshaft in a certain frequency range. Rubber durability is very important for the crank pulley to perform its duty for a long time. In this study, the dynamic life of NR45 natural rubber with two different mixtures used in crank pulleys was determined by the prepared test approach. A metal-rubber component structure used in the slip test samples was formed and produced. The metal-rubber component is left to force the rubber in the vertical direction with its natural frequency and specified amplitude to simulate torsional vibration in crank pulleys. A test setup design was carried out to force the metal-rubber component at the determined frequency. In the study, life expectancy estimates based on amplitude and frequency were created on experimental data.