scholarly journals Regulating Intestinal Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xin Chi ◽  
Calvin Q. Pan ◽  
Shunai Liu ◽  
Danying Cheng ◽  
Ziwen Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Induced Changes

When alcohol-related liver disease occurs, the number and composition ratio of intestinal microorganisms will accordingly change. The alcohol-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota play a pivotal role in the process of developing the alcohol-related liver disease through the translocation of microbial products due to increased intestinal permeability. In recent years, therapeutic interventions with a concentration on regulating intestinal microbiota have been conducted for patients with alcohol-related liver disease. We aimed to provide a critical review and updates on the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease through regulating intestinal microbiota. A literature search was performed on the PubMed database for studies published in English about the therapeutic intervention with microbiota using animal models and patients with alcohol-related liver disease (1/2010–4/2020). The accumulating pieces of evidence suggest that the therapeutic use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, phages, or fecal microbial transplantation may have several influences on alcohol-related liver disease patients. Emergent data unveiled that these interventions can further regulate the composition of intestinal microbiota, minimize the negative impact of microbiota on the liver, and prevent disease progression from mild to severe alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer. The current review provides updates on the advances of therapeutic interventions with the effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on patients who have alcohol-related liver disease. In addition, the data gaps and research directions on further exploration of the role of intestinal microbiota for the management of the alcohol-related liver disease are also discussed.

Beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD: cell-signaling pathways underlying health effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Echeverría ◽  
Andrés Bustamante ◽  
Verónica Sambra ◽  
Daniela Álvarez ◽  
Luis Videla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic accretion of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol intake that may progress to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, becoming the main cause of chronic liver disease. This article discusses recent data concerning the use of dietary polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Methods: Study searches were performed using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health. Results: Polyphenols exert beneficial effects in NAFLD, with positive outcomes being related to body weight gain, insulin resistance, liver fat accumulation, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory status, mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Data reported for hydroxytyrosol suggest that the activation of the hepatic PPAR-α-FGF21-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling cascade is associated with fatty acid oxidation enhancement, de novo lipogenesis diminution and recovery of mitochondrial function, a contention that is supported by the actions of several polyphenols on specific components of this signaling pathway. Besides, polyphenols downregulate NF-κB, suppressing the pro-inflammatory state developed in NAFLD and upregulate liver Nrf2, increasing the cellular antioxidant potential. The latter feature of polyphenols is contributed by chelation of pro-oxidant trace elements, reduction of free radicals to stable forms and inhibition of free radical generating systems. Conclusion: Polyphenols are relevant bioactive compounds in terms of prevention and treatment of NAFLD, which exhibit low bioavailability and instability in biological systems that could limit their health effects. These drawbacks reinforce the necessity of further studies to improve the efficacy of polyphenol formulations for human interventions.

Role of IFN-λs ,IFN-λs related genes and the DEPDC5 gene in Hepatitis B virus-related liver disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. e29-e38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ma ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
F. Yu ◽  
P. Gao ◽  
Q. Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Related Liver Disease

scholarly journals The Role of Probiotics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A New Insight into Therapeutic Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marica Meroni ◽  
Miriam Longo ◽  
Paola Dongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of pathological hepatic conditions ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may predispose to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Due to the epidemic obesity, NAFLD is representing a global health issue and the leading cause of liver damage worldwide. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely related to insulin resistance (IR), adiposity and physical inactivity as well as genetic and epigenetic factors corroborate to the development and progression of hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Emerging evidence has outlined the implication of gut microbiota and gut-derived endotoxins as actively contributors to NAFLD pathophysiology probably due to the tight anatomo-functional crosstalk between the gut and the liver. Obesity, nutrition and environmental factors might alter intestinal permeability producing a favorable micro-environment for bacterial overgrowth, mucosal inflammation and translocation of both invasive pathogens and harmful byproducts, which, in turn, influence hepatic fat composition and exacerbated pro-inflammatory and fibrotic processes. To date, no therapeutic interventions are available for NAFLD prevention and management, except for modifications in lifestyle, diet and physical exercise even though they show discouraging results due to the poor compliance of patients. The premise of this review is to discuss the role of gut–liver axis in NAFLD and emphasize the beneficial effects of probiotics on gut microbiota composition as a novel attractive therapeutic strategy to introduce in clinical practice.

Liver disease: changing epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
George Winter
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Uk

The UK has made significant progress in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis, yet the prevalence of severity of liver disease continues to rise. George Winter discusses the role of alcohol consumption and obesity in this changing epidemiology.

Early diagnosis of alcohol-related liver disease and timely intervention: the role of alcohol care teams

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S188-S189
Author(s):  
Joshua Stapleton ◽  
Nicola Kalk ◽  
Michael Heneghan ◽  
Naina Shah
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Role of IL-10 Promoter Polymorphism in HBV-Related Liver Disease Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. S572
Author(s):  
Rajesh Ruttala ◽  
Vijay Karra ◽  
Sunil Polipalli ◽  
Premashish Kar
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Alpha-1 antitrypsin governs alcohol-related liver disease in mice and humans

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-321375
Author(s):  
Christoph Grander ◽  
Benedikt Schaefer ◽  
Julian Schwärzler ◽  
Felix Grabherr ◽  
Dennis M de Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Related Liver Disease

ObjectiveAlcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global healthcare problem with limited treatment options. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT, encoded by SERPINA1) shows potent anti-inflammatory activities in many preclinical and clinical trials. In our study, we aimed to explore the role of AAT in ALD.DesignAn unselected cohort of 512 patients with cirrhosis was clinically characterised. Survival, clinical and biochemical parameters including AAT serum concentration were compared between patients with ALD and other aetiologies of liver disease. The role of AAT was evaluated in experimental ALD models.ResultsCirrhotic ALD patients with AAT serum concentrations less than 120 mg/dL had a significantly higher risk for death/liver transplantation as compared with patients with AAT serum concentrations higher than 120 mg/dL. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low AAT serum concentration was a NaMELD-independent predictor of survival/transplantation. Ethanol-fed wild-type (wt) mice displayed a significant decline in hepatic AAT compared with pair-fed mice. Therefore, hAAT-Tg mice were ethanol-fed, and these mice displayed protection from liver injury associated with decreased steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration and abated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. To test the therapeutic capability of AAT, ethanol-fed wt mice were treated with human AAT. Administration of AAT ameliorated hepatic injury, neutrophil infiltration and steatosis.ConclusionCirrhotic ALD patients with AAT concentrations less than 120 mg/dL displayed an increased risk for death/liver transplantation. Both hAAT-Tg mice and AAT-treated wt animals showed protection from ethanol-induced liver injury. AAT could reflect a treatment option for human ALD, especially for alcoholic hepatitis.

The potential role of fucosylated cationic liposome/NFκB decoy complexes in the treatment of cytokine-related liver disease

Biomaterials ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriko Higuchi ◽  
Shigeru Kawakami ◽  
Fumiyoshi Yamashita ◽  
Mitsuru Hashida
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cationic Liposome ◽  
Related Liver Disease
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