scholarly journals Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Heba M. Elsherif ◽  
Zeinab H. Helal ◽  
Mona R. El-Ansary ◽  
Zeinab A. Fahmy ◽  
Wafaa N. Eltayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Purpose. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication in patients with bacteremia of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection. Our aim was to determine the association of the major Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs), including Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), among hospitalized patients diagnosed with bacteremia and those with IE. Methods. This study was conducted on 88 patients; of these, 84 (95.5%) had two positive blood cultures. Eighteen out of the 84 patients (21.4%) were diagnosed based on the modified Duke criteria by a cardiologist to have IE. The recovered isolates were screened phenotypically using ELISA followed by molecular analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see, and tsst-1, the major SAg coding genes, and the obtained findings were statistically analyzed. Results. Phenotypic screening for SE production of 26 selected Staphylococci (15 isolated from the IE patients (10 S. aureus and 5 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)) and 11 from bacteremic patients (10 S. aureus and 1 CoNS)) using ELISA revealed that 12/26 (46%) isolates were SE producers. PCR analysis showed that 19 (73%) isolates were PCR positive for SAg genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by seb (63%) and tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was sed (5.3%). Statistical correlations between bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs showed no significant difference ( P value = 0.139, effect size = 0.572 ) indicating no specific association between any of the detected SAgs and IE. Conclusion. There is high prevalence of SEs among clinical isolates of Staphylococci recovered from patients suffering bacteremia and those with IE. No significant difference was found among Staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacteremia or IE regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the tested SAgs.

scholarly journals Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Patryk Wiśniewski ◽  
Anna Zadernowska
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
No Production ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Although coagulase-positive staphylococci are considered to be the main factor responsible for food poisoning, an increasing role for the coagulase-negative staphylococci in the production of enterotoxins has been observed in recent years. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of genes responsible for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), enterotoxin-like toxins (SEI) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ready-to-eat food from bars and restaurants. One hundred and eighteen CoNS strains were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to five superantigenic toxin genes, including five different types of classical enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) and the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) as well as to supertoxin-like genes. PCR-positive isolates were then tested using immunoenzymatic methods (SET-RPLA, Vidas SET 2) for toxin expression. Out of 118 CoNS strains, the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins was confirmed in 72% of them. The most frequently found enterotoxin-like genotype was ser, selu. Two of the tested strains had up to ten different enterotoxin genes in the genome at the same time. Although no production of enterotoxins was detected in the CoNS, which means that their possible role in the epidemiology of food-borne diseases is minimal, the data demonstrated that the toxigenic capacity of the CoNS should not be ignored, and that this group of microorganisms should be continuously monitored in food.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcal Superantigens and their association among bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis patients in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba M. Elsherif ◽  
Zeinab H. Helal ◽  
Mona R. El-Ansary ◽  
Zeinab A. Fahmy ◽  
Wafaa N. Eltayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genotypic Association ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Future Work

AbstractAimInfective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection in humans particularly those with bacteremia. Although Staphylococcus species are commensal on or in different parts of the human body, it is also known to be a serious pathogen causing bacteremia and sepsis that could lead to IE. Therefore, our aim was to assess the prevalence as well as phenotypic and genotypic association of the Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) among bacteremic and IE patients.MethodsThis study was conducted on Staphylococcus isolates recovered from bacteremic and IE patients. The isolates were screened phenotypically for the detection of SAgs including Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Molecular detection and analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see and tsst-1, the major SAgs coding genes were performed using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The obtained findings were statistically analyzed using standard methods.ResultsDetection of SAgs using ELISA revealed that 12 (46%) isolates were positive for enterotoxin production. However, the PCR revealed that 19 (73%) isolates were positive for enterotoxin genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by the seb (63%), tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was the sed (5.3%). Accordingly, phenotypic and genotypic screening for prevalence of SAgs among Staphylococcal isolates showed significant difference (P value =0.046703), however, no significant correlation could be observed among the coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolates (P value =0.248213). Statistical correlations between bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs, showed no significant difference (P-value = 0.139, Effect size = 0.572) indicating no specific association between any of the detected SAgs and IE.Conclusionno significant difference has been found between Staphylococcal IE and bacteremia isolates regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the most commonly SAgs. Therefore, all Staphylococcal bacteremic patients are suspected for IE. Also, future work should be conducted for analysis of SAgs gene expression.

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) Production During Induced Goat Mastitis

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VALLE ◽  
E. GOMEZ-LUCIA ◽  
S. PIRIZ ◽  
S. VADILLO
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Type Strains

Six Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic type strains were inoculated into the udders of healthy goats in order to check the “in vivo” production of staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-one (TSST-1). Staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1 produced by toxigenic strains in milk samples were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. S. aureus strains FRI-100, FRI-1173, and CC-92 produced high levels of SEA, SEB, and TSST-1, respectively, in the inoculated goats' udders.

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