scholarly journals Quality of Services Based on Intelligent IoT WLAN MAC Protocol Dynamic Real-Time Applications in Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Abbas Alnazir ◽  
Rania A. Mokhtar ◽  
Hesham Alhumyani ◽  
Elmustafa Sayed Ali ◽  
Rashid A. Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Coordination Function

The future directions and challenges for 6G-enabled wireless communication for IoT applications are mainly focused on quality of service (QoS). The selection criteria of mobility management (MM) protocol are mainly the total duration of the delay and packet loss rate during the MM procedure. This is called intelligent handover (IH) to designate a relay with a minimum delay. To solve the problem of handover, media access control (MAC) protocols are used to provide an intelligent protocol for QoS in real-time application in mobility. Moreover, changing the parameter to find the best protocol for mobile stations in WLAN is a good choice. This paper proposed a new QoS structure for the point coordination function that is based on a new intelligent enhanced distribution coordination function that suites with dynamic real-time applications and services. The paper addresses the distributed coordination function (DCF) with QoS-based intelligent mobility management in stations and other scenarios with enhanced distribution coordination function (EDCF) to find the result of throughput, retransmission attempts, delay, and data droop. In this paper, the remote topology comprises a few remote stations and one base station within the remote LAN. All remote stations are found that each station can distinguish a transmission from any other station, and there is portability within the proposed intelligent framework.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Synchronous Multi-Radio Multi-Link MAC Protocols in IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput WLANs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Taewon Song ◽  
Taeyoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Coordination Function

The representative media access control (MAC) mechanism of IEEE 802.11 is a distributed coordination function (DCF), which operates based on carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) with binary exponential backoff. The next amendment of IEEE 802.11 being developed for future Wi-Fi by the task group-be is called IEEE 802.11be, where the multi-link operation is mainly discussed when it comes to MAC layer operation. The multi-link operation discussed in IEEE 802.11be allows multi-link devices to establish multiple links and operate them simultaneously. Since the medium access on a link may affect the other links, and the conventional MAC mechanism has just taken account of a single link, the DCF should be used after careful consideration for multi-link operation. In this paper, we summarize the DCFs being reviewed to support the multi-radio multi-link operation in IEEE 802.11be and analyze their performance using the Markov chain model. Throughout the extensive performance evaluation, we summarize each MAC protocol’s pros and cons and discuss essential findings of the candidate MAC protocols.

Data Storage in Cloud Based Real-Time Environments

2011 ◽  
pp. 236-258
Author(s):  
Sai Narasimhamurthy ◽  
Malcolm Muggeridge ◽  
Stefan Waldschmidt ◽  
Fabio Checconi ◽  
Tommaso Cucinotta
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Direct Applicability

The service oriented infrastructures for real-time applications (“real-time clouds1”) pose certain unique challenges for the data storage subsystem, which indeed is the “last mile” for all data accesses. Data storage subsystems typically used in regular enterprise environments have many limitations which impedes direct applicability for such clouds, particularly in their ability to provide Quality of Service (QoS) for applications. Provision of QoS within storage is possible through a deeper understanding of the behaviour of the storage system under a variety of conditions dictated by the application and the network infrastructure. We intend to arrive at a QoS mechanism for data storage keeping in view the important parameters that come into play for the storage subsystem in a soft real-time cloud environment.

Evaluating The Performance for DCF Protocol and EDCA Protocol

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abu-Khadrah ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
Mohdazlishah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Data Types ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
End To End ◽  
Coordination Function

Nowadays supporting quality of service (QOS) for real time application is the main challenge of the wireless area network. 802.11standards use distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol and Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) protocol in the MAC layer. DCF protocol has only one queue for different data types, it deals with data depending on the arriving time. There is no priority to serve real time applications faster. However EDCA protocol has four queues and each queue works with specific data type. Voice, video, best effort and background are the different queues in the EDCA protocol. Different parameters and priorities are defined for each queue. The voice queue reserves the highest priority and serves its data first. In this paper QOS parameters are measured for both DCF and EDCA protocol by using OPNET simulation. The QOS parameters must reach the requirements to support QOS. The results show how QOS parameters do not reach the requirements when using DCF protocol. The values of the end to end delay and the packet loss percentage are 0.514second, 19.04% respectively. But, when using EDCA protocol the end to end delay becomes 0.0624 second and the percentage of the packet loss decreases until reach 0.00617%. So the QOS parameters achieve requirements with EDCA protocol and support QOS.

scholarly journals Evaluating How ‘Smart’ Brașov, Romania Can Be Virtually via a Mobile Application for Cultural Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabela Briciu ◽  
Victor-Alexandru Briciu ◽  
Androniki Kavoura
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
User Engagement ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Intelligent Methods

Global urbanization brings the urge to identify the most intelligent methods to cope with the challenges arising in the modern society. Sustainable and smart cities are the new target for urban development; their representatives are being forced to identify and develop new strategies to increase their city’s performance and ensure that it endures over time. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) contributes to this purpose. Brașov is one of the cities in Romania for which the process of modernization started years ago, and it is currently developing as a smart city. This paper focuses on the development of the city in terms of cultural tourism solutions by presenting a case study on the use of virtual reality with a mobile application and its evaluation on cultural heritage sites. The original contribution of the paper is to describe and analyze the quality of the mobile application by using a proposed analysis grid to identify the main elements of this app. The main findings suggest that the application may bring authenticity of experience through the lens of heritage preservation for further user engagement and participation in real-time, while suggestions are made for future enhancement. Implications are discussed for a) destination managers, b) for developers to improve the general quality of the mobile application in terms of design and features and to implement changes in the near future, and c) for visitors who engage in real-time and co-create experiences.

Real-Time Process Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor-Embedded Rotary Tools for Fastening Operations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak T. Mohan ◽  
Jeffrey Birt ◽  
Can Saygin ◽  
Jaganathan Sarangapani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Optical Encoder ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Rotary Type

Fastening operations are extensively used in the aerospace industry and constitute for more than a quarter of the total cost. Inspection of fasteners is another factor that adds cost and complexity to the overall process. Inspection is usually carried out on a sampling-basis as a stand-alone process after the fastening process is completed. Lack of capability to inspect all fasteners in a cost effective manner and the need to remove non-value added activities, such as inspection by itself, in order to reduce the manufacturing lead time have been the motivation behind this study. This paper presents a novel diagnostics scheme based on Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) for monitoring the quality of rotary-type fastening operations in real-time. This approach encompasses (1) integrating a torque sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical encoder on a hand-held rotary-type fastening tool; (2) obtaining process parameters via the embedded sensors and generating process signatures in real-time; and (3) detecting anomalies on the tool using a wireless mote that communicates the decision with a base station. The anomalies investigated in this study are the grip length variations as under grip and normal grip, and presence of re-used fasteners. The proposed scheme has been implemented on prototype rotary tool for bolt-nut type of fasteners and tested under a variety of experimental settings. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is successful, with an accuracy of over 95% in detecting grip lengths of fasteners in real-time during the process.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency and quality of service optimization for constant bit rate real-time applications in 802.11 networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jimenez ◽  
Rafael Estepa ◽  
Antonio Estepa ◽  
Francisco R. Rubio ◽  
Fabio Gómez-Estern
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
802.11 Networks ◽  
Constant Bit Rate ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Service Optimization
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