A Cross Layered framework is an important concept in today’s world given the abundant usage of both single-path and multi path wireless network architectures. One of the important design issues in the development of a robust framework such as this is the design of an Optimization Agent or an OA. In recent days of wireless and wired ad-hoc networks, cross-layer design was brought about a few years back to explore attached optimization at different layers. In order to describe solutions in cross-layered design, the Open System Intercommunications model was employed. However, it is clear that no voice and reference mechanism exists to aid optimization, which could effectively halt effective adaptability and deployment of cross-layered solutions. In this study, we suggest some hypotheses regarding how to model and create cross-layer solutions using the OSI layered method. We use the aforementioned method to analyse and simulate a particular type of cross-layered solution, namely energy-aware routing protocols. We use a layered approach to examine two proposals that are accessible in the literature. The applied strategy leads to the creation of an energy- aware, one-of-a-kind solution that outperforms prior versions and provides interesting and clear insights into the function that each layer plays in the overall optimization process. The network throughput, utilization, and reliability have all increased practically rapidly in the last few years. With the emergence of broadband wireless and wired cellular networks, as well as mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and improved computational capacity, a new generation of apps, especially real-time multimedia applications, has emerged. Delivering real-time multimedia traffic across a sophisticated network like the Internet could be a particularly difficult undertaking, as these applications have stringent bandwidth and other quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.
An Efficient HAPS Cross-Layer Design to Mitigate COVID-19 Consequences