scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Promotes the Survival of the Grafted Human MGE Neural Progenitors in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia by Promoting Angiogenesis and Inhibiting Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Luting Chen ◽  
Danping Li ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Xiaolin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Stem cells have the potential as a regenerative therapy for cerebral ischemia by improving functional outcomes. However, cell transplantation has some limitations, including a low rate of the grafted cell survival. There is still a major challenge of promoting the harmonious symbiosis between grafted cells and the host. Acupuncture can effectively improve the functional outcome after cerebral ischemia. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects and explored the mechanism of combined medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) neural progenitors differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with electroacupuncture (EA) in a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) rat model. The results showed that EA could promote the survival of the grafted MGE neural progenitors differentiated from hESCs and alleviate learning and memory impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia. This may have partially resulted from inhibited expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and blood vessel density in the hippocampus. Our findings indicated that EA could promote the survival of the grafted MGE neural progenitors and enhance transplantation therapy’s efficacy by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting inflammation.

scholarly journals Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (tBCCAO) of Rats as a Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Ety Sari Handayani ◽  
Rina Susilowati ◽  
Ismail Setyopranoto ◽  
Ginus Partadiredja
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Ischemic Area ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Background: Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) has been performed in rats as a model of global ischemia. However, the technique varied between laboratories and produced difficulties in the comparison of results. Variations such as rat strain, age, ischemic and reperfusion duration could affect the results. This review aims to provide a general overview of the variation of animal strains, duration of tBCCAO, reported cerebral ischemic area produced by tBCCAO, use of TTC staining for measurement of volume of brain ischemia and functional neurological tests. Method: The data of this review were obtained from abstracts in PubMed database and Google Scholars and were not limited by publication time. Keywords used to search the abstracts were (BCCAO OR “bilateral common carotid artery occlusion” OR “stroke” OR “cerebral ischemia” OR “brain ischemia”) AND (rat OR rats). The research method of each study was identified from the collected abstracts. The abstracts were chosen for further study on the basis that they met the inclusion criteria which were English language articles; original research article; animal model used were adolescent, adult, and elderly rats; ischemic finding in rats’ cerebrum by BCCAO technique was presented; ischemic size were assessed and the result was described; studies that had control group; and studies that induced transient global ischemic to the rats’ cerebrum. Data that were extracted to the datasheet were references; animal model strain; ischemic duration; reperfusion duration; ischemic area; 2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining; Cavalieri method; and rats’ neurological functional tests. Results and Conclusions: There were differences in the ischemic area between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after transient BCCAO. There were differences in the TTC staining solution concentration that was used to identify ischemic area of the brain following transient BCCAO. There was a very limited number of studies using Cavalieri method for the quantification of ischemic volume of rats’ brain after transient BCCAO. Neurological functional tests in animal models post transient BCCAO did not include sensory and memory functions tests. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.491-500

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for Improvement of Cerebral Ischemia: Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation in Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion Rat Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Azadi ◽  
Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi ◽  
Negar Motakef Kazemi ◽  
Hasan Yousefi-Manesh ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Rezayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Abstract Backgraound: Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in animal model. Material and Methods: Nano formulation was prepared by thin film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, rats were pretreated with drug (100 mg/kg) and nano drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and MDA levels were measured in the brain and the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations were examined. Result and discussion: Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles were 0.227, -22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Conclusion: Our clinical data show that treated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with stroke group and treated group with nano BBR in dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory efficacy of Berberine Nanomicelle for improvement of cerebral ischemia: formulation, characterization and evaluation in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Azadi ◽  
Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi ◽  
Negar Motakef Kazemi ◽  
Hasan Yousefi-Manesh ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Rezayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

Abstract Background Berberine (BBR) is a plant alkaloid that possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with low oral bioavailability. In this study, micelle formulation of BBR was investigated to improve therapeutic efficacy and examined its effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in cerebral ischemia in the animal model. Material and methods Nano formulation was prepared by thin-film hydration method, and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release in Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestine Fluid (SIF). Then, Wistar rats were pretreated with the drug (100 mg/kg) and nano-drug (25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg) for 14 days. Then, on the fourteenth day, stroke induction was accomplished by Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (BCCAO); after that, Tumor Necrosis Factor - Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin – 1 Beta (IL-1ß), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the supernatant of the whole brain, then the anti-inflammatory effect of BBR formulations was examined. Result and discussion Micelles were successfully formed with appropriate characteristics and smaller sizes than 20 nm. The Poly Dispersity Index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy of micelles was 0.227, − 22 mV, 81%, respectively. Also, the stability of nano micelles was higher in SGF as compared to SIF. Our outcomes of TNF-a, IL-1B, and MDA evaluation show a significant ameliorating effect of the Berberine (BBR) and BBR-loaded micelles in pretreated groups. Conclusion Our experimental data show that pretreated groups in different doses (nano BBR 100, 75, 50 mg/kg, and BBR 100 mg/kg) successfully showed decreased levels of the inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia compared with the stroke group and pretreated group with nano BBR in the dose of 25 mg/kg. Nano BBR formulation with a lower dose can be a better candidate than conventional BBR formulation to reduce oxidative and inflammatory factors in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, BBR-loaded micelle formulation could be a promising protective agent on cerebral ischemia.

Systemic responses to carotid occlusion in the anesthetized rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lash ◽  
E. Haase ◽  
A. A. Shoukas
Keyword(s):  
Pressor Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Artery Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bilateral Carotid Occlusion ◽  
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery ◽  
Bilateral Carotid ◽  
Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

We evaluated the effects of four standard anesthetization regimens on the systemic cardiovascular responses to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in 28 adult male rats. Rats were randomly assigned to anesthesia groups: thiopental sodium (PT; 100 mg/kg ip), alpha-chloralose (CH; 100 mg/kg iv), ketamine hydrochloride plus acepromazine (KA; 135 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg sc), and pentobarbital sodium (PB; 50 mg/kg ip). PT and PB animals had similar baseline heart rates (HR; 333 and 345 beats/min, respectively) and arterial pressures (MAP; 126 and 118 mmHg, respectively), whereas both were lower in CH and KA (314 and 288 beats/min, 92 and 85 mmHg). During bilateral carotid occlusion, PT demonstrated the largest change in MAP (dMAP; +27 mmHg) but the smallest change in HR (dHR; +8 beats/min). CH and PB demonstrated similar dHR (+24 and +16 beats/min) and dMAP (+20 and +19 mmHg). KA demonstrated a significant dHR (+14 beats/min), but the average dMAP was not statistically significant (+3 mmHg). Therefore, carotid occlusion in rats anesthetized with PT, PB, or CH consistently elicits a systemic arterial pressor response comparable with that reported for conscious animals. When the magnitude and stability of baseline HR and MAP are also considered, PT and PB anesthetization seem to be the most reliable for evaluation of the carotid occlusion pressor response in rats.

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