The Success of Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis Seems to Be Influenced by Fungal Features

Aim. To evaluate the topical treatment of onychomycosis using a 10% hydroalcoholic propolis extract (PE) in two aleatorily chosen patients and analyze possible risk factors from hosts including some particularities of the isolated fungi that may justify the outcomes achieved. Materials and Methods. A topical treatment, with PE, was started in two cases of toe onychomycosis due to T. rubrum. The in vitro PE antifungal activity against these isolates was confirmed. Moreover, the ability of the fungi to infect the human nail was evaluated also in an ex vivo study, analyzed by histopathology. Results. Within four months, both patients showed evident improvement, but with different outcomes. The possible host-related risk factors justifying the poorer outcome in patient 1 include a longer duration time of onychomycosis (50 years). Some particularities in the T. rubrum strain isolated from this patient in relation to that found in patient 2 were observed: (1) the hypha morphology suggesting a major adaptation of the fungus to the host; (2) a 16 times greater propolis concentration was required in vitro; and (3) a faster ability to start a growth using the nail as the only nutritional source. Additionally, this isolate was more efficient in producing a biofilm on the nail surface. Conclusions. A partial clinical and complete mycological cure for the two patients was achieved after four months of PE daily use. Despite a complete recovery, a different outcome was observed between both cases. A more persistent onychomycosis, added to greater fungal potential to produce biofilm on the nail, seems to influence greatly the success of a topical treatment with PE.

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Mechanistic insights into the effect of lutein on atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, and related risk factors: A systematic review of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies

Pharmacological Research ◽

10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104477 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 104477 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad ◽

Zohreh Ghoreishi ◽

Vahid Maleki ◽

Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Related Risk

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Aryl Maleimides as Apoptosis Inducers on L5178-Y Murine Leukemia Cells (in silico, in vitro and ex vivo Study)

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520615666160504094417 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1615-1621 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erik Andrade-Jorge ◽

Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria ◽

Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres ◽

Luis Humberto Fabila-Castillo ◽

José G. Trujillo-Ferrara

Keyword(s):

In Silico ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Leukemia Cells ◽

Ex Vivo Study ◽

Murine Leukemia

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64Cu-ATSM/64Cu-Cl2 and their relationship to hypoxia in glioblastoma: a preclinical study

EJNMMI Research ◽

10.1186/s13550-019-0586-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elodie A. Pérès ◽

Jérôme Toutain ◽

Louis-Paul Paty ◽

Didier Divoux ◽

Méziane Ibazizène ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tumor Location ◽

Preclinical Study ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Lower Oxygen ◽

Cu Complexes ◽

Ex Vivo Study

Abstract Background Diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone), labeled with 64Cu (64Cu-ATSM) has been suggested as a promising tracer for imaging hypoxia. However, various controversial studies highlighted potential pitfalls that may disable its use as a selective hypoxic marker. They also highlighted that the results may be tumor location dependent. Here, we first analyzed uptake of Cu-ATSM and its less lipophilic counterpart Cu-Cl2 in the tumor over time in an orthotopic glioblastoma model. An in vitro study was also conducted to investigate the hypoxia-dependent copper uptake in tumor cells. We then further performed a comprehensive ex vivo study to compare 64Cu uptake to hypoxic markers, specific cellular reactions, and also transporter expression. Methods μPET was performed 14 days (18F-FMISO), 15 days (64Cu-ATSM and 64Cu-Cl2), and 16 days (64Cu-ATSM and 64Cu-Cl2) after C6 cell inoculation. Thereafter, the brains were withdrawn for further autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. C6 cells were also grown in hypoxic workstation to analyze cellular uptake of Cu complexes in different oxygen levels. Results In vivo results showed that Cu-ASTM and Cu-Cl2 accumulated in hypoxic areas of the tumors. Cu-ATSM also stained, to a lesser extent, non-hypoxic regions, such as regions of astrogliosis, with high expression of copper transporters and in particular DMT-1 and CTR1, and also characterized by the expression of elevated astrogliosis. In vitro results show that 64Cu-ATSM showed an increase in the uptake only in severe hypoxia at 0.5 and 0.2% of oxygen while for 64Cu-Cl2, the cell retention was significantly increased at 5% and 1% of oxygen with no significant rise at lower oxygen percentages. Conclusion In the present study, we show that Cu-complexes undoubtedly accumulate in hypoxic areas of the tumors. This uptake may be the reflection of a direct dependency to a redox metabolism and also a reflection of hypoxic-induced overexpression of transporters. We also show that Cu-ATSM also stained non-hypoxic regions such as astrogliosis.

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The potential of a site-specific delivery of thiamine hydrochloride as a novel insect repellent exerting long-term protection on human skin: In-vitro, ex-vivo study and clinical assessment

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mai El Halawany ◽

Randa Latif ◽

Alia Badawi

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽

Insect Repellent ◽

Site Specific ◽

A Site ◽

Ex Vivo Study

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Selective photodynamic inactivation of Helicobacter pylori by a cationic benzylidene cyclopentanone photosensitizer - an in vitro and ex vivo study

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 112287

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Xianghuan Guo ◽

Shaona Zhou ◽

Leili Wang ◽

Yanyan Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Photodynamic Inactivation ◽

Ex Vivo Study

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILMS OF PROCHLORPERAZINE MALEATE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.52.12.10351 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

R. Kanekar ◽

◽

P. M. Dandagi ◽

A. P. Gadad

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Film Forming ◽

Oral Films ◽

Ex Vivo Study

The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate fast-dissolving oral films of prochlorperazine maleate (PCM), in order to enhance the bioavailability of the drug and to provide rapid onset of action thereby improving patient compliance. The solubility of the drug was increased by preparing inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) and then incorporating it into the fast dissolving films. The fast-dissolving films of PCM were prepared by solvent casting method using different film forming polymers such as HPMC E15 and HPMC E5, either as single polymer or combination of the two. The film formulations were evaluated for various physico-chemical parameters. All formulations released more than 85% of the drug within 15 minutes. Formulation F4 showed best in vitro drug release profile. From the ex vivo study it was found that 94.79% of drug permeated through the porcine oral mucosa from the optimized formulation F4 within 60 mins.

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