scholarly journals Complications Leading to Keratoplasty among Contact Lens Users and LASIK Patients: A 10-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sloan W. Rush ◽  
Blaze Bulla ◽  
Ryan B. Rush
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Interval

Purpose. To determine the incidence and outcomes in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) resulting from complications related to contact lens (CL) use and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in a metropolitan area of the United States. Methods. Population data was obtained from the United States Census Bureau and the Centers for Disease Control. A retrospective, cross-sectional chart review was performed on all patients who underwent keratoplasty in a specific metropolitan geographic area over a ten-year period. The main outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 2 years in patients who underwent PK secondary to complications related to CL use and LASIK. The secondary outcome was the relative risk of undergoing PK secondary to a complication related to CL use versus LASIK. Results. The study’s geographic area had 46,545 CL users in one or both eyes during any given year and 10,285 patients who underwent LASIK in one or both eyes during the study interval. There were 24 CL users (0.52 per 1,000) and 3 post-LASIK patients (0.29 per 1,000) who underwent PK secondary to complications during the study interval (OR 1.77 [0.53–5.87, 95% CI]; p = 0.35 ). BCVA at 2 years was 1.45 [1.0–1.90] logMAR (20/564 Snellen) in the CL using cohort and 0.07 [−1.19–1.33] logMAR (20/23 Snellen) in post-LASIK cohort following PK ( p = 0.04 ). Conclusions. Patients who underwent PK secondary to complications related to CL use had worse visual outcomes at 2 years compared to those related to LASIK. Complications leading to PK were rare in both cohorts, but the incidence of undergoing PK secondary to CL use trended higher than LASIK.

Variation in the Geographic Distribution of the Otolaryngology Workforce: A National Geospatial Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar K. Gadkaree ◽  
Justin C. McCarty ◽  
Jennifer Siu ◽  
David A. Shaye ◽  
Daniel G. Deschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
College Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Referral

Objective To examine the current geographic distribution of otolaryngologists in the United States and the disparities in socioeconomic demographics at the county and hospital referral region (HRR) level. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting National cohort analysis including all otolaryngologists in the United States. Subjects and Methods All otolaryngologists board certified by the American Board of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery in the United States in 2018 were compared with overlaid demographic data from the 2010 United States Census Bureau by county and HRR. Associations between the density of otolaryngologists per population and socioeconomic characteristics were assessed and stratified by region. Results The average number of otolaryngologists was 3.6 (SD 9.6) per 100,000. On multivariable regression analysis, the density of otolaryngologists was positively associated with counties with the highest quartile of college education (1.8 providers per 100,000 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89, 2.90], P < .001) and income (2.1 providers per 100,000 [95% CI 1.03, 3.07], P = .01). Significant regional variation existed in access to otolaryngology care. Conclusion There are significant areas with disparate densities of otolaryngologists in the United States. Lower socioeconomic status, more severe poverty, and a lower number of college graduates in a county correlated with reduced density of otolaryngologists.

Automated Mapping at the United States Census Bureau: 1980-1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Frederick R. Broome ◽  
Carl S. Hantman ◽  
Robert W. Marx ◽  
Timothy F. Trainor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Automated Mapping

Decomposing the Moral Community: Religious Contexts and Teen Childbearing

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Ovadia ◽  
Laura M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Teen Birth ◽  
Teen Birth Rates ◽  
Teen Childbearing

Teen birth rates vary widely across counties in the United States. in this study, we examine whether the religious composition of a county is correlated with the rate of teen childbearing using both a traditional moral communities approach and a “decomposed” version of that framework. Utilizing 2000 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Census Bureau, and the Religious Congregation and Membership Survey, we find that the total percentage of religious adherents in a county is not significantly correlated with the teen birth rate. However, when we decompose the Christian population into major denominational groupings, we find the percentage of evangelical Protestants in a county is positively associated with the teen birth rate while the percentage of Catholics is negatively associated with teen childbearing. Possible explanations for the association between religious context and teen birth rates are discussed, as well as their policy and research implications.

scholarly journals The Sunny Side Up: An Interdisciplinary Overview of Sunlight’s Effects on our Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Toth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Average Life ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Difference

Do levels of daily sunlight exposure have a measurable effect on peoples’ health? I used to live in Michiganwhere it is cloudy seemingly every day. This is drastically different from Texas, where the sun is almost alwaysshining. It is well known that an increase in sunlight exposure can drastically affect one’s mood; when looking atcloudy areas versus areas full of sunshine, the difference in overall happiness and rates of depression can bequite dramatic. Another factor to consider is that spending more time in direct sunlight can help with vitaminD synthesis. Low vitamin D levels can lead to all sorts of health problems, demonstrating that having directsun exposure has the potential to be very influential in one’s health. To investigate whether sunlight can have ameasurable impact on peoples’ health and life expectancies, I collected data on average life expectancies andreported happiness levels for all 50 U.S. States, as well as over 70 cities within the United States. These citieswere grouped together using K-means clustering to control for confounding variables, and then analyzed. Thisallowed for an accurate representation of whether sunlight really does affect one’s health or not. Data came fromthe United States Census Bureau, the CDC, and other reliable sources. This research highlights how certainclimate areas can affect our health, happiness, and overall life expectancy.

Pediatric Hand Burns Requiring Emergency Care in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Sorenson ◽  
William J Mohr ◽  
Ashish Y Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
United States Census ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Purpose Hand and finger burns represent a relatively common occurrence in children, and serious injuries may require surgical intervention to prevent long-term disability. This study examines the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients presenting for emergency care of hand and finger burns within the United States (US). Methods We report a cross-sectional study of patients reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Patients were included in our study if they were younger than 18 years old and evaluated for an isolated hand or finger burn. United States census data from the same period were utilized for determining epidemiological estimates of injury incidence Results During the 10-year study period, an estimated 300,245 pediatric hand and finger burns were treated in 778,497,380 person-years: an incidence rate of 38.6 burns per 100,000 person years. Most treated burns occurred in the 1- to 2-year age group (28.3%) with an approximate 50% reduction in incidence for each 1-year age stratum until stabilizing at 6 years. Most burns occurred in white children (58%), but Black children had a higher incidence than white children when corrected for US population (45.15 burns versus 21.45 burns per 100,000 person-years). The most common etiology was a stove or oven (1595/10420; 15%). Conclusions Pediatric hand and finger burns occurred most frequently in young children from the oven and/or stove. We urge that parents be assertively counseled about potential burn risks to their young children’s hands and fingers, especially once they reach ambulatory age.

Disability, Life Narrative, and Representation

PMLA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thomas Couser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Census 2000 ◽  
Enormous Number

Disability is an inescapable element of human existence and experience. Although it is rarely acknowledged as such, it is also a fundamental aspect of human diversity. It is so, first, in the sense that, worldwide, an enormous number of people are disabled. The proportion of disabled people in different national populations varies significantly with factors such as economic development, quality and availability of health care, and the age distribution of the population. (In the United States, people with disabilities make up the population's largest minority: Census 2000 found nearly twenty percent of the population over five years of age to be affected by some sort of disability [United States, Census Bureau].) Furthermore, because of the way this minority is constituted, it is arguably more diverse than those of race, gender, class, and sexual orientation. Disabilities may affect one's senses or one's mobility; they may be static or progressive, congenital or acquired, formal (affecting the shape of the body) or functional, visible or invisible.

Census Mapping Mashup

2014 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Paul Hunt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Open Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
American Population ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Analyze Data

By mandate, the United States Census Bureau compiles and distributes data on the American population. Open data initiatives have made it possible for users to access and analyze data with simple web-based tools. A new method for requesting data from the Census Bureau is described here, along with two different mapping mashups. Using the technology described in this article, a simple web mapping interface could unlock vast amounts of available data for user exploration.

Voice Therapy for the Beginning Clinician

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Gartner-Schmidt ◽  
Ali Lewandowski ◽  
Marc Haxer ◽  
Claudio F. Milstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Language Pathology

This article is written specifically for recent graduates of Speech-Language Pathology programs or clinicians with little experience in providing voice therapy for the approximately 88 million people in the United States who will suffer from a voice disorder in their lifetime (Cohen, Kim, Roy, Asche, & Courey, 2012; Roy, Merrill, Gray, & Smith, 2005; United States Census Bureau, n.d.). Voice therapy is a patient-centered treatment paradigm used to modify behaviors that cause and/or contribute to voice disorders. A critical need exists to train novice clinicians to perform voice therapy who may, or may not, have had dedicated training in their academic programs and/or Clinical Fellowship (CF). The article is divided into the following sections: (1) Appropriate Referrals for Voice Therapy, (2). A Voice Therapy Framework, (3) Scientific Rationale for Differing Voice Therapy Techniques, and (4) When to Discharge Patients from Voice Therapy.

scholarly journals China English: Attitudes, legitimacy, and the native speaker construct

English Today ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Jette G. Hansen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
China English ◽  
The World

China English (CE) is the fastest growing variety of English in the world. While some estimate that there are between 200–400 million learners of English in mainland China, other researchers put the numbers between 440–650 million (cf. Bolton & Graddol, 2012; He & Zhang, 2010). Although not all learners of English in China will become active users of English, the numbers above are staggering, especially if we consider that the population of the United States is currently 319 million (United States Census Bureau, 2014). As Kirkpatrick (2007: 151) notes, CE is ‘soon likely to be the most commonly spoken variety of English in Asia’. One could argue that, judging by the numbers given above, CE will become the most commonly spoken variety of English in the world.

scholarly journals Political Geography of the South: A Spatial Analysis of the 2008 Presidential Election

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad J. Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
United States Census ◽  
The South ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
2008 Presidential Election

The region identified as the "South" arguably has been and continues to be the most politically interesting and analyzed region in the United States. Using election results and county maps of the eleven southern states, this study provides a spatial analysis of the counties in this region. Through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), this study analyzes the 2008 presidential election using counties as the unit of analysis within these states. This exploratory study will provide data as to which candidate won each county as well as a "landslide" county map that denotes counties that supported a candidate by a margin of twenty percent or more. This study will also investigate the difference in county-level voting between the 2004 and 2008 election to see how the preferences of the electorates changed. Finally, a contextual analysis, using data gathered from the United States Census Bureau will identify county population demographics that help explain voting behavior as well as the change in vote between 2004 and 2008.

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