Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution of Schistosoma mansoni Infection among Preschool-Aged Children in Blapleu, Biankouma District, Western Côte d’Ivoire

Schistosoma mansoni infection is common among school-age children (SAC) in western Côte d’Ivoire. Little is known on the infection rate of preschool-aged children (PSAC) due to epidemiological data deficiency and nonappropriate formulation of the drug. Thus, mass drug administration for schistosomiasis control mainly targets SAC. This study aims to identify the risk factors and spatial distribution of S. mansoni infection among PSAC in Blapleu, endemic foci of S. mansoni. We carried out a cross-sectional study in households with PSAC aged 1–6 years. A structured questionnaire was administered to mothers/guardians to obtain data on sociodemographics and water contact behaviour of children. Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) immunodiagnostic test in urine and Kato-Katz (K-K) method with stool were used for S. mansoni infection diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between S. mansoni infection and sociodemographic data. Coordinates recorded by a Global Positioning System of households, water source points, and infected PSAC were used to map the spatial distribution of S. mansoni infection cases. This study was conducted with 350 PSAC aged 1–6 years. The overall infection prevalence of S. mansoni varies from 31.43% with the K-K method to 62.86% with the POC-CCA. PSAC aged 2–6 years were highly infected with S. mansoni than those aged 1-2 years (OR = 14.24, 95% CI: 5.85–34.64). PSAC who did not have access and who do not live close to the infected water source were at a significant lower risk of S. mansoni infection (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.057–0.30). The main purpose of water contact of PSAC was to help their mother for laundry that occurs weekly. In Blapleu, a high risk of S. mansoni infection was observed among PSAC. Schistosomiasis control effort in such localities should include information, education, and communication, water, sanitation, and hygiene, and particularly chemotherapy targeting PSAC, reinforcing the need of the paediatric praziquantel formulation.

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Risk factors for Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm in urban farming communities in western Côte d'Ivoire

Tropical Medicine & International Health ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01841.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 709-723 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Barbara Matthys ◽

Andres B. Tschannen ◽

Norbert T. Tian-Bi ◽

Hermann Comoé ◽

Salia Diabaté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Urban Farming ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Farming Communities ◽

Côte D'ivoire

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The spatial distribution of Schistosoma mansoni infection in four regions of western Côte d’Ivoire

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2015.345 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rufin K. Assaré ◽

Ying-Si Lai ◽

Ahoua Yapi ◽

Yves-Nathan T. Tian-Bi ◽

Mamadou Ouattara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Land Surface ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

Côte D'ivoire

Schistosomiasis poses a considerable public health burden in sub- Saharan Africa and a sound understanding of the spatial distribution facilitates to better target control interventions. The objectives of this study were i) to assess the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni among school-aged children in four regions of western Côte d’Ivoire; ii) to determine demographic, climatic and environmental factors that influence the distribution of S. mansoni; and iii) to map and predict the distribution of S. mansoni in non-sampled locations. Parasitological surveys were carried out in 264 schools from June to December 2011. In each school, we aimed to examine 50 children for S. mansoni infection using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. Schools were georeferenced using a hand-held global positioning system receiver. Demographic data were obtained from readily available school lists, while climatic and environmental data were extracted from open-access remote sensing databases. Multivariable, binary non-spatial models and a Bayesian geostatistical logistic regression model were used to identify demographic, climatic and environmental risk factors for S. mansoni infection. Risk maps were developed based on observed S. mansoni prevalences and using Bayesian geostatistical models to predict prevalences at non-sampled locations. Overall, 12,462 children provided a sufficiently large stool sample to perform at least one Kato-Katz thick smear. The observed overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 39.9%, ranging from 0 to 100% at the unit of the school. Bayesian geostatistical analysis revealed that age, sex, altitude and difference between land surface temperature at day and night were significantly associated with S. mansoni infection. The S. mansoni risk map presented here is being been used by the national schistosomiasis control programme for spatial targeting of praziquantel and other interventions.

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Simple anamnestic questions and recalled water-contact patterns for self-diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection among schoolchildren in western Côte d'Ivoire.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.649 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 649-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J Utzinger ◽

E K N'Goran ◽

C Lengeler ◽

M Tanner

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Water Contact ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Contact Patterns

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Prevalence, Risk Factors and Morbidity Profile of Schistosoma Infection Among Adults in the Taabo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, South-central Côte d’Ivoire

10.21203/rs.3.rs-951392/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fidèle K. Bassa ◽

Ikenna C. Eze ◽

Rufin K. Assaré ◽

Clémence Essé ◽

Siaka Koné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Demographic Surveillance System ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Health Examination ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

South Central ◽

Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Background: Schistosomiasis remains an important public health issue among adults and infected individuals not treated serve as a reservoir of the parasite. Despite this fact, evidence on the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in adults in Côte d’Ivoire is scanty. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among adults in the Taabo health and demographic surveillance system in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in April and May 2017 in the frame of the “Côte d’Ivoire Dual Burden of Disease Study” (CoDuBu). A total of 901 randomly selected individuals, aged 18-90 years, provided blood, stool and urine samples for the diagnosis of malaria and helminth infections. With an emphasis on schistosomiasis, stool samples were subjected to the Kato-Katz technique for detection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs, while urine samples were examined for eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and circulating cathodic antigen of S. mansoni. Risk factors and morbidity profiles were assessed using health examination and questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions were employed to identify independent risk factors and morbidity patterns associated with S. mansoni mono- and co-infections.Results: The prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium was 23.2% and 1.0%, respectively. Most S. mansoni were mono-infections (81.3%). Independent determinants of S. mansoni infection were young age, low socioeconomic status (mono- and co-infection) and poor hygiene practices (co-infection). S. mansoni infection was independently associated with higher pain and symptom scores (mono-infection), poor self-rated health and low healthcare use (co-infection).Conclusions: This study showed that adults represent a substantial reservoir of S. mansoni. To sustain schistosomiasis control and improve people’s wellbeing, it is important to expand preventive chemotherapy from school-aged children to adults, coupled with hygiene and health education.

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Accuracy of Two Circulating Antigen Tests for the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Low-Endemicity Settings of Côte d’Ivoire

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.21-0031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rufin K. Assaré ◽

Mathieu I. Tra-Bi ◽

Jean T. Coulibaly ◽

Paul L. A. M. Corstjens ◽

Mamadou Ouattara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Urine Specimen ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Circulating Antigen ◽

Antigen Tests ◽

True Infection

In low-endemicity settings, current tools for diagnosis and surveillance of schistosomiasis are often inaccurate in detecting true infection. We assessed the accuracy of an up-converting phosphor lateral flow circulating anodic antigen (UCP-LF CAA) test and a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) urine cassette test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. Our study was conducted in eight schools of western Côte d’Ivoire. Fifty children, aged 9 to 12 years, were enrolled per school. From each child, a single urine specimen and two stool specimens were collected over consecutive days for diagnostic workup. Urine samples were subjected to UCP-LF CAA and POC-CCA tests. From each stool sample, triplicate Kato-Katz thick smears were examined. Overall, 378 children had complete data records. The prevalence of S. mansoni, as assessed by six Kato-Katz thick smears, was 4.0%. The UCP-LF CAA and POC-CCA tests revealed S. mansoni prevalence of 25.4% and 30.7%, respectively, when considering trace results as positive, and prevalence of 23.3% and 10.9% when considering trace results as negative. In the latter case, based on a composite gold standard, the sensitivity of UCP-LF CAA (80.7%) was considerably higher than that of POC-CCA (37.6%) and six Kato-Katz thick smears (13.8%). The negative predictive value of UCP-LF CAA, POC-CCA, and six Kato-Katz thick smears was 92.8%, 79.8%, and 74.1%, respectively. Our results confirm that UCP-LF CAA is more accurate than Kato-Katz and POC-CCA for the diagnosis of S. mansoni in low-endemicity settings.

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Efficacy and Safety of Albendazole in Hookworm-infected Preschool-aged Children, School-aged Children, and Adults in Côte d’Ivoire: A Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Dose-finding Trial

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa989 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chandni Patel ◽

Jean T Coulibaly ◽

Daniela Hofmann ◽

Yves N’Gbesso ◽

Jan Hattendorf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Dose Finding ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Preschool Aged Children

Abstract Background Infections with hookworms affect about half a billion people worldwide. Recommended therapy includes 400 mg of albendazole, which is moderately efficacious. Higher doses have been rarely assessed. Methods A randomized, controlled dose-finding trial was conducted in Côte d’Ivoire with the aim of recruiting 120 preschool-aged children (PSAC), 200 school-aged children (SAC), and 200 adults. Eligible PSAC were randomized 1:1:1 to 200 mg, 400 mg, or 600 mg of albendazole; the other age groups were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to placebo or 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg. The primary outcome was cure rates (CRs) assessed 14–21 days post-treatment by quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smears. Hyperbolic Emax models were used to determine dose-response. Results 38 PSAC, 133 SAC, and 196 adults were enrolled. In adults, predicted CRs increased with ascending doses of albendazole, with a CR of 74.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.6%–87.7%) in the 800-mg arm. Observed CRs increased with ascending doses of albendazole reaching a maximum of 94.1% (95% CI, 80.3%–99.3%). In SAC, the predicted dose-response curve increased marginally, with CRs ranging from 64.0% in the 200-mg arm to 76.0% in the 800-mg arm. Sample size in PSAC was considered too small to derive meaningful conclusions. 10.7% and 5.1% of participants reported any adverse event at 3 hours and 24 hours post-treatment, respectively. Conclusions A single 800-mg albendazole dose provides higher efficacy against hookworm and is well tolerated in adults and should be considered for community-based strategies targeting adults. For PSAC and SAC, current recommendations suffice. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03527745.

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