scholarly journals Tribulus terrestris L. Extract Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophage and Zebrafish via Inhibition of Akt/MAPKs and NF-κB/iNOS-NO Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wai-Rong Zhao ◽  
Wen-Ting Shi ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Kai-Yu Zhang ◽  
Ye Qing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Inflammation response is a regulated cellular process and excessive inflammation has been recognized in numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Tribulus terrestris L. (TT), also known as Bai Jili in Chinese, has been applied in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years while its anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated. Here, we hypothesize Tribulus terrestris L. extract (BJL) which presents anti-inflammatory effect, and the action mechanism was also investigated. We employed the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(MPO:GFP), which expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP) in neutrophils, and mice macrophage RAW 264.7 cells as the in vivo and in vitro model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BJL, respectively. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by Griess reagent. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by real-time PCR, and the intracellular total or phosphorylated protein levels of NF-κB, Akt, and MAPKs including MEK, ERK, p38, and JNK were detected by western blot. We found that BJL significantly inhibited fin transection or lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neutrophil migration and aggregation in zebrafish in vivo. In mice macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, BJL ameliorated LPS-triggered excessive release of NO and transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). BJL also reduced the LPS-induced elevations of intracellular iNOS and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediate the cellular NO and inflammatory cytokine productions, respectively. Moreover, LPS dramatically increased the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs including MEK, ERK, p38, and JNK in RAW 264.7 cells, while cotreatment BJL with LPS suppressed their phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggested that BJL presented potent anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism was closely related to the inhibition of Akt/MAPKs and NF-κB/iNOS-NO signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Asperuloside and Asperulosidic Acid Exert an Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu He ◽  
Xianyuan Lu ◽  
Ting Wei ◽  
Yaqian Dong ◽  
Zheng Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Hedyotis diffusa is a folk herb that is used for treating inflammation-related diseases in Asia. Previous studies have found that iridoids in H. diffusa play an important role in its anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanism of five iridoids (asperuloside (ASP), asperulosidic acid (ASPA), desacetyl asperulosidic acid (DAA), scandoside methyl ester (SME), and E-6-O-p-coumaroyl scandoside methyl ester (CSME)) that are presented in H. diffusa using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—induced RAW 264.7 cells. ASP and ASPA significantly decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in parallel with the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6 mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. ASP treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of the inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB alpha (IκB-α), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The inhibitory effect of ASPA was similar to that of ASP, except for p38 phosphorylation. In summary, the anti-inflammatory effects of ASP and ASPA are related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and mediators via suppression of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which provides scientific evidence for the potential application of H. diffusa.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a sterol-enriched fraction from freshwater green alga, Spirogyra sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
You-Jin Jeon ◽  
Jae-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of sterol-rich fraction prepared from Spirogyra sp., a freshwater green alga, in an effort to find bioactive extracts derived from natural sources. Methods The sterol content of ethanol extract of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) was enriched by fractionation with hexane (SPEH), resulting 6.7 times higher than SPE. Using this fraction, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. Results SPEH effectively and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SPEH suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β through downregulating nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. The in vivo test results indicated that SPEH significantly and dose-dependently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell death, and NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SPEH possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and has the potential to be used as healthcare or pharmaceutical material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory Effect of Pratol in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
You Chul Chung ◽  
Sung-Min Park ◽  
Jin Hwa Kim ◽  
Geun Soo Lee ◽  
Jung No Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The Trifolium pratense L. (red clover), which blossoms, leaves and stems can be used as medicines for treatment of burns, skin diseases, diabetes and other diseases. Recently study shown that pratol (7-hydroxy-4-methoxyflavone), an O-methylated flavone in T. pratense has been evaluated to induce melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of pratol has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of pratol on anti-inflammation. We also studied the mechanism of action of pratol in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cells were treated with various concentration of pratol (25, 50, or 100 μM) and 25 μM ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) was used as control. The results in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells showed that pratol significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production without any cytotoxic. In addition, pratol strongly decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooygenase (COX-2). Furthermore, pratol reduced proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. We also found that pratol strongly inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) by reducing the p65 phosphorylation and protecting inhibitory factor kappa B alpha (IκBα) degradation. The results suggest that, pratol may be used to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases such as dermatitis, arthritis, cardiovascular and cancer.

Methyl Gallate Inhibits the Production of Interleukin-6 and Nitric Oxide via Down-Regulation of Extracellular-Signal Regulated Protein Kinase in RAW 264.7 Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (05) ◽  
pp. 973-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Sung Chae ◽  
Ok-Hwa Kang ◽  
Jang-Gi Choi ◽  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
Young-Seob Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Methyl Gallate ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
Oxide Synthase

To determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methyl gallate (MG) isolated from Galla Rhois, MG was studied in vivo for its analgesic activities using the writhing response in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity of MG was evaluated for NO and IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells. MG inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production. Consistent with these observations, the protein and mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were inhibited by MG. Moreover, MG suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that MG has anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Procyanidins from Wild Grape (Vitis amurensis) Seeds in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ji Bak ◽  
Van Long Truong ◽  
Hey-Sook Kang ◽  
Mira Jun ◽  
Woo-Sik Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Wild Grape ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying mechanisms of wild grape seeds procyanidins (WGP) were examined using lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We used nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays to examine inhibitory effect of WGP and further investigated the mechanisms of WGP suppressed LPS-mediated genes and upstream expression by Western blot and confocal microscopy analysis. Our data indicate that WGP significantly reduced NO, PGE2, and ROS production and also inhibited the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions. Consistently, WGP significantly reduced LPS-stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α) and interleukin- (IL-) 1β. Moreover, WGP prevented nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) p65 subunit by reducing inhibitoryκB-α(IκBα) and NFκB phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that WGP inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Taken together, our results demonstrated that WGP exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 by regulating NFκB and p38 MAPK pathway.

Hexane Fraction from Sargassum fulvellum Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells via NF-κB Pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (03) ◽  
pp. 565-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wi-Gyeong Gwon ◽  
Min-Sup Lee ◽  
Jong-Soon Kim ◽  
Jae-Il Kim ◽  
Chi-Won Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Sargassum Fulvellum ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mouse Ear Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh has been used to treat various inflammatory diseases, including lump, dropsy, swollen and painful scrotum, and urination problems for several centuries with no side effects. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the hexane fraction of S. fulvellum (HFS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced mouse-ear edema. The anti-inflammatory activity of HFS in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was investigated by assessing the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory action of HFS were investigated by analyzing the activation of transcription factor and its upstream signaling proteins. Additionally, an in vivo study of the anti-inflammatory effect of HFS was carried out using PMA-induced mouse-ear edema. HFS inhibited LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the RAW 264.7 cells. Further, HFS reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HFS significantly inhibited LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and NF-κB translocation into the nucleus by preventing degradation of inhibitor κB-α. Moreover, HFS inhibited the activation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, HFS suppressed PMA-induced mouse-ear edema. The above data indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of HFS on LPS-stimulated cells are associated with the suppression of NF-κB through the inhibition of MAPKs and Akt phosphorylation.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Skin Inflammation by Scytonemin, an Ultraviolet Sunscreen Pigment

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Moo Rim Kang ◽  
Sun Ah Jo ◽  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
Yeo Dae Yoon ◽  
Joo-Hee Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Scytonemin is a yellow-green ultraviolet sunscreen pigment present in different genera of aquatic and terrestrial blue-green algae, including marine cyanobacteria. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activities of scytonemin were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Topical application of scytonemin inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear swelling in BALB/c mice. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was also suppressed by scytonemin treatment in the TPA-treated ear of BALB/c mice. In addition, scytonemin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and iNOS were also suppressed by scytonemin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that LPS-induced NF-κB activity was significantly suppressed by scytonemin treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. Our results also showed that the degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit were blocked by scytonemin in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that scytonemin inhibits skin inflammation by blocking the expression of inflammatory mediators, and the anti-inflammatory effect of scytonemin is mediated, at least in part, by down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Our results also suggest that scytonemin might be used as a multi-function skin care ingredient for UV protection and anti-inflammation.

scholarly journals Scandoside Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu He ◽  
Jiafeng Li ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Zichao Yang ◽  
Fenghua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Nuclear Transcription Factor ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The iridoids of H. diffusa play an important role in the anti-inflammatory process, but the specific iridoid with anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism is lack of study. An iridoid compound named scandoside (SCA) was isolated from H. diffusa and its anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Its anti-inflammatory mechanism was confirmed by in intro experiment and molecular docking analysis. As results, SCA significantly decreased the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inhibited the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. SCA treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor kappa-B alpaha (IκB-α), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The docking data suggested that SCA had great binding abilities to COX-2, iNOS and IκB. Taken together, the results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of SCA is due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators via suppressing the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which provided useful information for its application and development.

scholarly journals A medicinal plant Cudrania tricuspidata ameliorates allergic inflammation in mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1213-1220
Author(s):  
Y.S. Kim ◽  
◽  
A.R. Ryu ◽  
C.R. Yoon ◽  
J.W. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Cudrania Tricuspidata ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Aim: This study aims at investigating the effect of ethanol extract of Cudrania tricuspidata twigs on in vitro and in vivo allergic inflammation. Methodology: The ethanol extract of twigs from Cudrania tricuspidata (CTE) was prepared. The effects of CTE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in Raw 264.7 cells were examined. 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced allergic inflammation model of mouse was constructed for in vivo study. The anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of CTE were examined through DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Results: The LPS-induced NO level was significantly reduced by Cudrania tricuspidata application in Raw 264.7 cells. LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was also reduced by CTE, showing CTE’s anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, CTE reduced DNCB-induced IgE level in the mouse serum. The suppressive effect on the allergic inflammation stimulated by DNCB in the mouse model was investigated in terms of IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α level and PAR-2 expression. Interpretation: The ethanol extract of Cudrania tricuspidata twigs can be developed as a potent therapeutics for allergic inflammation.

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