Communication Delay Modeling for Wide Area Measurement System in Smart Grid Internet of Things Networks

We present communication frameworks, models, and protocols of smart grid Internet of Things (IoT) networks based on the IEEE and IEC standards. The measurement, control, and monitoring of grid being achieved through phasor measurement unit (PMU) based wide area measurement (WAM) framework. The WAM framework applied the IEEE standard C37.118 phasor exchange protocol to collect grid data from various substation devices. The existing frameworks include the IEC 61850 protocol and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. These protocols have been selected as per the smart grid configuration and communication design. However, the existing frameworks have severe synchronization errors due to the communication delays of IoT networks in the smart grid. Therefore, this article designs the timing mechanism and a delay model to reduce the timing delay and boost real-time measurement, monitoring, and control performance of the smart grid WAM applications. The result shows that the proposed model outperformed the existing WAM system.

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Wide area measurement and control using phasor measurement unit in smart grid

2012 2nd International Conference on Power, Control and Embedded Systems ◽

10.1109/icpces.2012.6508076 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chandarani Sutar ◽

K. S. Verma ◽

A. S. Pandey ◽

S. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Phasor Measurement Unit ◽

Wide Area ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Phasor Measurement ◽

And Control ◽

Measurement And Control

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Smart Grid communication applications: measurement equipment and networks architecture for data and energy flow

Mechatronics Electrical Power and Vehicular Technology ◽

10.14203/j.mev.2019.v10.73-84 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Tinton Dwi Atmaja ◽

Dian Andriani ◽

Rudi Darussalam

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Energy Flow ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Data Rate ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Wide Area ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Area Network ◽

Measurement Equipment ◽

Smart Grid Communication

Smart Grid is an advanced two way data and energy flow capable of self-healing, adaptive, resilient, and sustainable with prediction capability of possible fault. This article aimed to disclose Smart Grid communication in a logical way to facilitate the understanding of each component function. The study was focused on the improvement, advantages, common used design, and possible feature of Smart Grid communication components. The results of the study divide the Smart Grid communication application into two main category i.e. measurement equipment and network architecture. Measurement equipment consists of Advance Metering Infrastructure, Phasor Measurement Unit, Intelligent Electronic Devices, and Wide Area Measurement System. The network architecture is divided based on three hierarchies; local area network for 1 to 100 m with 100 kbps data rate, neighbour area network for 100 m to 10 km with 100 Mbps data rate, and wide area network for up to 100 km with 1 Gbps data rate. More information is provided regarding the routing protocol for each network from various available protocols. The final section presents the energy and data flow architecture for Smart Grid implementation based on the measurement equipment and the network suitability. This article is expected to provide a comprehensive guide and comparison surrounding the technologies supporting Smart Grid implementation especially on communication applications.

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An Overview of Wide Area Measurement System and Its Application in Modern Power Systems

Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control - Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8030-0.ch012 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 289-307

Author(s):

H. H. Alhelou

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Power System ◽

General System ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Wide Area ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Wide Area Measurement System ◽

Power System Monitoring ◽

Recent Developments

In this chapter, wide area measurement systems (WAMS), which are one of the cornerstones in modern power systems, are overviewed. The WAMS has great applications in power system monitoring, operation, control, and protection systems. In the modern power systems, WAMS is adopted as a base for the modern monitoring and control techniques. Therefore, an introduction of WAMS is firstly provided. Then, phasor measurement unit (PMU), which is the base of WAMS, is described. Afterward, the most recent developments in power system estimation, stability, and security techniques, which are based on WAMS, are introduced. Later, general system setup for WAMS-based under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) is provided. Finally, the required communications infrastructures are comprehensively discussed.

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Wide-Area Measurement, Monitoring and Control: PMU-Based Distributed Wide-Area Damping Control Design Based on Heuristic Optimisation Using DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Green Energy and Technology - Advanced Smart Grid Functionalities Based on PowerFactory ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-50532-9_9 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 211-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amin Mohammadpour Shotorbani ◽

Sajad Madadi ◽

Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo

Keyword(s):

Control Design ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Wide Area ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Measurement Monitoring ◽

Damping Control ◽

And Control

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Communication infrastructure for situational awareness enhancement in WAMS with optimal PMU placement

Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems ◽

10.1186/s41601-021-00189-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bhargav Appasani ◽

Amitkumar Vidyakant Jha ◽

Sunil Kumar Mishra ◽

Abu Nasar Ghazali

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Situational Awareness ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Communication Infrastructure ◽

Wide Area Measurement System ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Elevation Model ◽

And Control

AbstractReal time monitoring and control of a modern power system has achieved significant development since the incorporation of the phasor measurement unit (PMU). Due to the time-synchronized capabilities, PMU has increased the situational awareness (SA) in a wide area measurement system (WAMS). Operator SA depends on the data pertaining to the real-time health of the grid. This is measured by PMUs and is accessible for data analytics at the data monitoring station referred to as the phasor data concentrator (PDC). Availability of the communication system and communication delay are two of the decisive factors governing the operator SA. This paper presents a pragmatic metric to assess the operator SA and ensure optimal locations for the placement of PMUs, PDC, and the underlying communication infrastructure to increase the efficacy of operator SA. The uses of digital elevation model (DEM) data of the surface topography to determine the optimal locations for the placement of the PMU, and the microwave technology for communicating synchrophasor data is another important contribution carried out in this paper. The practical power grid system of Bihar in India is considered as a case study, and extensive simulation results and analysis are presented for validating the proposed methodology.

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