Abstract 1927: Tumor suppressor PTEN regulates cancer stem cells of glioblastoma multiforme: identification of signaling pathways as targets of therapy

Cancer is one of the most important diseases of humans, for which no cure has been found so far. Understanding the causes of cancer can pave the way for its treatment. Alteration in genetic elements such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes results in cancer. The most recent theory for the origin of cancer has been provided by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) or CSCs are a small population isolated from tumors and hematologic malignancies. Since CSCs are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in many aspects (such as pluripotency and self-renewal), recognizing the signaling pathways through which ESCs maintain their stemness can also help identify CSC signaling. One component of these signaling pathways is non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are classified in two groups: microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). miRNAs undergo altered expression in cancer. In this regard, they are classified as Onco-miRNAs or tumor suppressor miRNAs. Some miRNAs play similar roles in ESCs and CSCs, such as let-7 and miR-302. This review focuses on the miRNAs involved in stemness of ESCs and CSCs by presenting a summary of the role of miRNAs in other tumor cells.

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The role of microRNAs in stemness of cancer stem cells

Oncology Reviews ◽

10.4081/oncol.2013.224 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. e8

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini Rad ◽

Mahsa Shanaki Bavarsad ◽

Ehsan Arefian ◽

Kaveh Jaseb ◽

Mohammad Shahjahani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Recent Theory ◽

Tumor Initiating Cells ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Cancer is one of the most important diseases of humans, for which no cure has been found so far. Understanding the causes of cancer can pave the way for its treatment. Alteration in genetic elements such as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes results in cancer. The most recent theory for the origin of cancer has been provided by cancer stem cells (CSCs). Tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) or CSCs are a small population isolated from tumors and hematologic malignancies. Since CSCs are similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in many aspects (such as pluripotency and self-renewal), recognizing the signaling pathways through which ESCs maintain their stemness can also help identify CSC signaling. One component of these signaling pathways is non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are classified in two groups: microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). miRNAs undergo altered expression in cancer. In this regard, they are classified as Onco-miRNAs or tumor suppressor miRNAs. Some miRNAs play similar roles in ESCs and CSCs, such as let-7 and miR-302. This review focuses on the miRNAs involved in stemness of ESCs and CSCs by presenting a summary of the role of miRNAs in other tumor cells.

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Modeling the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Cancer Stem Cells with Ordinary Differential Equations

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/1239861 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kristen Abernathy ◽

Jeremy Burke

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Ordinary Differential Equations ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Common Event

Despite improvements in cancer therapy and treatments, tumor recurrence is a common event in cancer patients. One explanation of recurrence is that cancer therapy focuses on treatment of tumor cells and does not eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are postulated to behave similar to normal stem cells in that their role is to maintain homeostasis. That is, when the population of tumor cells is reduced or depleted by treatment, CSCs will repopulate the tumor, causing recurrence. In this paper, we study the application of the CSC Hypothesis to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme by immunotherapy. We extend the work of Kogan et al. (2008) to incorporate the dynamics of CSCs, prove the existence of a recurrence state, and provide an analysis of possible cancerous states and their dependence on treatment levels.

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Distinct epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor genes in putative cancer stem cells of solid tumors

International Journal of Oncology ◽

10.3892/ijo_00000807 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soejima

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Epigenetic Regulation ◽

Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽

Suppressor Genes

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The overexpression of SOX2 affects the migration of human teratocarcinoma cell line NT2/D1

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140352 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 389-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

DANIJELA DRAKULIC ◽

JELENA MARJANOVIC VICENTIC ◽

MARIJA SCHWIRTLICH ◽

JELENA TOSIC ◽

ALEKSANDAR KRSTIC ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Tumor Suppressor ◽

Cancer Stem Cells ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cell Tumor ◽

Testicular Germ Cell Tumor ◽

Cell Tumor ◽

Testicular Germ Cell ◽

Teratocarcinoma Cell ◽

Altered Expression

The altered expression of the SOX2 transcription factor is associated with oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions in human cancers. This factor regulates the migration and invasion of different cancer cells. In this study we investigated the effect of constitutive SOX2 overexpression on the migration and adhesion capacity of embryonal teratocarcinoma NT2/D1 cells derived from a metastasis of a human testicular germ cell tumor. We detected that increased SOX2 expression changed the speed, mode and path of cell migration, but not the adhesion ability of NT2/D1 cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that SOX2 overexpression increased the expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the HDM2 oncogene. Our results contribute to the better understanding of the effect of SOX2 on the behavior of tumor cells originating from a human testicular germ cell tumor. Considering that NT2/D1 cells resemble cancer stem cells in many features, our results could contribute to the elucidation of the role of SOX2 in cancer stem cells behavior and the process of metastasis.

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