Spatially Filtered Magnetoencephalographic Analysis of Cortical Oscillatory Changes in Basic Brain Rhythms during the Japanese ‘Shiritori’ Word Generation Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Ukai ◽  
Kazuhiro Shinosaki ◽  
Ryouhei Ishii ◽  
Shunsuke Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generation Task ◽  
Brain Rhythms ◽  
Word Generation

scholarly journals Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe V.J. Woodhead ◽  
Holly A. Rutherford ◽  
Dorothy V.M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Sentence Generation ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Language Laterality

Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.

scholarly journals Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe V.J. Woodhead ◽  
Holly A. Rutherford ◽  
Dorothy V.M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Sentence Generation ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Language Laterality

Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.

Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: Association with Negative and Positive Symptoms

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Capleton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sort Test ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

20 schizophrenic patients were classified as having either predominantly negative ( n = 11) or predominantly positive symptoms ( n = 9), utilizing the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Cognitive functioning was evaluated in these participants and 10 non-patient controls using a word-fluency test and word-generation task. Finally, all participants were evaluated using the Coglab Card Sort Test, a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test. The only reliable difference in performance among groups was on perseverative errors on the Coglab Card Sort Test Schizophrenic participants made significantly more perseverative errors than controls and those classified as having primarily negative symptoms made more perseverative errors than those classified as having predominantly positive symptoms. These findings confirm previous reports with respect to cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients and are consistent with the hypotheses regarding frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. These data encourage research with larger samples.

scholarly journals A novel tablet computer platform for advanced language mapping during awake craniotomy procedures

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Morrison ◽  
Fred Tam ◽  
Marco M. Garavaglia ◽  
Laleh Golestanirad ◽  
Gregory M. T. Hare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Awake Craniotomy ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Testing Platform ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Intraoperative Mapping ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Written Word

A computerized platform has been developed to enhance behavioral testing during intraoperative language mapping in awake craniotomy procedures. The system is uniquely compatible with the environmental demands of both the operating room and preoperative functional MRI (fMRI), thus providing standardized testing toward improving spatial agreement between the 2 brain mapping techniques. Details of the platform architecture, its advantages over traditional testing methods, and its use for language mapping are described. Four illustrative cases demonstrate the efficacy of using the testing platform to administer sophisticated language paradigms, and the spatial agreement between intraoperative mapping and preoperative fMRI results. The testing platform substantially improved the ability of the surgeon to detect and characterize language deficits. Use of a written word generation task to assess language production helped confirm areas of speech apraxia and speech arrest that were inadequately characterized or missed with the use of traditional paradigms, respectively. Preoperative fMRI of the analogous writing task was also assistive, displaying excellent spatial agreement with intraoperative mapping in all 4 cases. Sole use of traditional testing paradigms can be limiting during awake craniotomy procedures. Comprehensive assessment of language function will require additional use of more sophisticated and ecologically valid testing paradigms. The platform presented here provides a means to do so.

Semantic and phonemic sequence effects in random word generation: A dissociation between Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRSTEN I. TAYLOR ◽  
DAVID P. SALMON ◽  
ANDREAS U. MONSCH ◽  
PETER BRUGGER
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
Sequence Effects ◽  
Processing Deficits ◽  
Repetition Avoidance

Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients perform worse on category than letter fluency tasks, while Huntington's disease (HD) patients show the reverse pattern or comparable impairment on both tasks. We developed a random word generation task to further investigate these deficits. Twenty AD and 16 HD patients and 20 elderly and 16 middle-aged controls guessed which of three pictures (hat, cat, or dog) landed on a die's top face sixty times. Three consecutive response pairings were possible: semantic (cat–dog), phonemic (hat–cat), and neutral (hat–dog). Since healthy individuals avoid repeating meaningful associates (“repetition avoidance”), an increased pairing frequency reflects processing deficits. AD patients produced more semantic and HD patients more phonemic pairings compared to their respective control groups, indicating selective semantic and phonemic processing deficits in AD and HD patients, respectively. (JINS, 2005,11, 303–310.)

scholarly journals What Box: a task for assessing language lateralisation in young children

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Badcock ◽  
Rachael Spooner ◽  
Jessica Hofmann ◽  
Atlanta J Flitton ◽  
Scott Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Imaging Tool

The assessment of active language lateralisation in infants and toddlers is challenging. It requires an imaging tool that is unintimidating, quick to setup, and robust to movement, in addition to an engaging and cognitively simple procedure that elicits language processing. Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD) offers a suitable technique and here we report on a suitable method to elicit active language production in young children. The 34-second ‘What Box’ trial presents an animated face ‘searching’ for an object. The face ‘finds’ a box that opens to reveal an object, which may be labelled spontaneously, in response to a “What’s this?” prompt, or in response to the object label. What Box conducted with 95 children (1 to 5 years-of-age, completing a median of 7 trials), who were left-lateralised on average. The task was validated (ρ = 0.4) against the gold standard Word Generation task in a group of older adults (n = 65, 60 to 85 years-of-age, median of 24 trials). Existing methods for assessing lateralisation of active language production have been used with 4-year-old children while passive listening has been conducted with sleeping 6-month-olds. This is the first active method to be successfully employed with infants, toddlers, and pre-schoolers, and show good correspondence to Word Generation in older adults.

scholarly journals Measurement of language laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a comparison of different tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Zoe V.J. Woodhead ◽  
Holly A. Rutherford ◽  
Dorothy V.M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Sonography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Sentence Generation ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Word Generation ◽  
Language Laterality

Background: Relative blood flow in the two middle cerebral arteries can be measured using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to give an index of lateralisation as participants perform a specific task. Language laterality has mostly been studied with fTCD using a word generation task, but it is not clear whether this is optimal. Methods: Using fTCD, we evaluated a sentence generation task that has shown good reliability and strong left lateralisation in fMRI. We interleaved trials of word generation, sentence generation and list generation and assessed agreement of these tasks in 31 participants (29 right-handers). Results: Although word generation and sentence generation both gave robust left-lateralisation, lateralisation was significantly stronger for sentence generation. Bland-Altman analysis showed that these two methods were not equivalent. The comparison list generation task was not systematically lateralised, but nevertheless laterality indices (LIs) from this task were significantly correlated with the other two tasks. Subtracting list generation LI from sentence generation LI did not affect the strength of the laterality index. Conclusions: This was a pre-registered methodological study designed to explore novel approaches to optimising measurement of language lateralisation using fTCD. It confirmed that sentence generation gives robust left lateralisation in most people, but is not equivalent to the classic word generation task. Although list generation does not show left-lateralisation at the group level, the LI on this task was correlated with left-lateralised tasks. This suggests that word and sentence generation involve adding a constant directional bias to an underlying continuum of laterality that is reliable in individuals but not biased in either direction. In future research we suggest that consistency of laterality across tasks might have more functional significance than strength or direction of laterality on any one task.

Activation of the frontal cortex during silent word generation task

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S181
Author(s):  
Atsushi Nambu ◽  
Ryuichi Matsuzaki ◽  
Toru Tsujimoto ◽  
Shin-Ichi Kyuhou
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Word Generation
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