Endothelial Function, Mechanical Stress and Atherosclerosis

2006 ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hayoz ◽  
Lucia Mazzolai
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mechanical Stress

scholarly journals Heart rate-associated mechanical stress impairs carotid but not cerebral artery compliance in dyslipidemic atherosclerotic mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (5) ◽  
pp. H2081-H2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Bolduc ◽  
Annick Drouin ◽  
Marc-Antoine Gillis ◽  
Natacha Duquette ◽  
Nathalie Thorin-Trescases ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Artery Stiffness ◽  
Dependent Flow

The cardiac cycle imposes a mechanical stress that dilates elastic carotid arteries, while shear stress largely contributes to the endothelium-dependent dilation of downstream cerebral arteries. In the presence of dyslipidemia, carotid arteries stiffen while the endothelial function declines. We reasoned that stiffening of carotid arteries would be prevented by reducing resting heart rate (HR), while improving the endothelial function would regulate cerebral artery compliance and function. Thus we treated or not 3-mo-old male atherosclerotic mice (ATX; LDLr-/−:hApoB+/+) for 3 mo with the sinoatrial pacemaker current inhibitor ivabradine (IVA), the β-blocker metoprolol (METO), or subjected mice to voluntary physical training (PT). Arterial (carotid and cerebral artery) compliance and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated cerebral dilation were measured in isolated pressurized arteries. IVA and METO similarly reduced ( P < 0.05) 24-h HR by ≈15%, while PT had no impact. As expected, carotid artery stiffness increased ( P < 0.05) in ATX mice compared with wild-type mice, while cerebral artery stiffness decreased ( P < 0.05); this paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular compliance was associated with endothelial dysfunction and an augmented metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity ( P < 0.05), without changing the lipid composition of the wall. Reducing HR (IVA and METO) limited carotid artery stiffening, but plaque progression was prevented by IVA only. In contrast, IVA maintained and PT improved cerebral endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent flow-mediated dilation and wall compliance, and both interventions reduced MMP-9 activity ( P < 0.05); METO worsened endothelial dysfunction and compliance and did not reduce MMP-9 activity. In conclusion, HR-dependent mechanical stress contributes to carotid artery wall stiffening in severely dyslipidemic mice while cerebrovascular compliance is mostly regulated by the endothelium.

297 The type of heart failure and its effects on endothelial function and inflammatory process: differences between ischemic and dilated heart failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
C ANTONIADES ◽  
D TOUSOULIS ◽  
M KOTSOPOULOU ◽  
K MARINOU ◽  
C TENTOLOURIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Inflammatory Process

Endothelial function and sleep: Associations of flow-mediated dilation with perceived sleep quality and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Cooper ◽  
Michael G. Ziegler ◽  
Milos S. Milic ◽  
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ◽  
Paul J. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Perceived Sleep Quality
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