Electronic Nose in the Detection of Wound Infection Bacteria from Bacterial Cultures: A Proof-of-Principle Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taavi Saviauk ◽  
Juha P. Kiiski ◽  
Maarit K. Nieminen ◽  
Nelly N. Tamminen ◽  
Antti N. Roine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Soft tissue infections, including postoperative wound infections, result in a significant burden for modern society. Rapid diagnosis of wound infections is based on bacterial stains, cultures, and polymerase chain reaction assays, and the results are available earliest after several hours, but more often not until days after. Therefore, antibiotic treatment is often administered empirically without a specific diagnosis. Methods: We employed our electronic nose (eNose) system for this proof-of-concept study, aiming to differentiate the most relevant bacteria causing wound infections utilizing a set of clinical bacterial cultures on identical blood culture dishes, and established bacterial lines from the gaseous headspace. Results: Our eNose system was capable of differentiating both methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Clostridium perfringens with an accuracy of 78% within minutes without prior sample preparation. Most importantly, the system was capable of differentiating MRSA from MSSA with a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 100%, and an overall accuracy of 91%. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of rapid detection of the most relevant bacteria causing wound infections and ultimately differentiating MRSA from MSSA utilizing gaseous headspace sampling with an eNose.

scholarly journals Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Using Sponges

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Seop Lee ◽  
Bianca Montalmont ◽  
Jessica A. O’Hara ◽  
Alveena Syed ◽  
Charma Chaussard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Positive Specimen ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

OBJECTIVENasal swab culture is the standard method for identifying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers. However, this method is known to miss a substantial portion of those carrying MRSA elsewhere. We hypothesized that the additional use of a sponge to collect skin culture samples would significantly improve the sensitivity of MRSA detection.DESIGNHospitalized patients with recent MRSA infection were enrolled and underwent MRSA screening of the forehead, nostrils, pharynx, axilla, and groin with separate swabs and the forehead, axilla, and groin with separate sponges. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).PATIENTSA total of 105 MRSA patients were included in the study.RESULTSAt least 1 specimen from 56.2% of the patients grew MRSA. Among patients with at least 1 positive specimen, the detection sensitivities were 79.7% for the swabs and 64.4% for the sponges. Notably, 86.4% were detected by a combination of sponges and nasal swab, and 72.9% were detected by a combination of pharyngeal and nasal swabs, whereas only 50.9% were detected by nasal swab alone (P<0.0001 and P=0.0003, respectively). Most isolates had SCCmec type II (59.9%) and IV (35.7%). No correlation was observed between the SCCmec types and collection sites.CONCLUSIONScreening using a sponge significantly improves MRSA detection when used in addition to screening with the standard nasal swab.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;36(1): 28–33

Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Rapid Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt or Ventriculostomy Infections

Neurosurgery ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason T. Banks ◽  
Suman Bharara ◽  
R Shane Tubbs ◽  
Charles L. Wolff ◽  
G Yancey Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractOBJECTIVE:Infection after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts or ventriculostomies is a common complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful molecular technique that allows rapid and precise amplification of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and has proven a powerful tool in the detection of a wide variety of clinically important infectious diseases. We analyzed specimens of CSF derived from ventriculoperitoneal shunts or external ventricular drains by using both conventional cultures and PCR and report herein our preliminary results.METHODS:We selected 86 CSF samples from adult patients who underwent either shunt tap or routine surveillance cultures of their ventriculostomy. These specimens were chosen from a larger group of 300 specimens that were routinely collected (many serially) in our clinical practice. They were chosen because clinical suspicion of infection was increased because of either patient signs and symptoms (fever, stiff neck, lethargy, worsening neurological examination) or preliminary laboratory analysis of CSF data (increased white blood cell count, increased protein level, decreased glucose). We considered this subgroup optimal to efficiently initiate our investigation of the correlation of PCR and culture results. CSF was increased by using standard culture techniques and by using PCR. Samples of CSF that were to undergo PCR had DNA extracted, purified, and amplified for 16S rRNA using primers 16S-Forward and 16S-Reverse of conserved sequence regions of all bacteria. DNA was PCR-amplified for 30 cycles. One microliter of the first PCR product was subjected to nested PCR using primers specific for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Samples were also subjected to PCR amplification for specific detection of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using specific primers for 16S rRNA Propionibacterium, nuclease gene of Staphylococcus, and Mec gene of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.RESULTS:For 18 of 86 specimens (21%), both the culture and PCR were positive. For 30 of 86 specimens (35%), both the PCR and culture results were negative. For 42 of 86 specimens (49%), cultures were negative and PCR was positive. There were no positive culture results with negative PCR results. Most negative culture/positive PCR cases occurred after prolonged intravenous antibiotics. Of the 56 PCR-positive specimens, 30 were positive for Propionibacterium acnes, whereas 40 were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Of the Staphylococcus aureus-positive specimens, two were positive for methicillin resistant-Staphylococcus aureus. Among the 56 PCR-positive specimens, 30 were positive for both Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus; gram-negative organisms were not detected by any method in these specimens.CONCLUSION:These preliminary data suggest that PCR is a highly sensitive, rapid, and potentially promising modality for the detection and treatment of CSF shunt ventriculostomy infection.

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