scholarly journals Sarcomatoid Tumor following Radium Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Wahida Chakari ◽  
Anette Pedersen Pilt ◽  
Jørgen Lock-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Radium Treatment

Haemangiomas are benign skin lesions that usually regress spontaneously, but radiotherapy has previously been used to assist the regression and healing of the lesions. Radium and X-rays were used as a treatment for benign skin lesions such as haemangioma until the carcinogenic effect of ionising radiation in humans was described. We report a patient diagnosed with a sarcomatoid carcinoma. Her past history was of particular interest since she had received radium treatment for a haemangioma at the same location more than 70 years before.

scholarly journals THU0590 WHEN RARE IS EVEN RARER: A COMPLEX CASE OF BEHCET DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 537.3-537
Author(s):  
M. DI Cicco ◽  
O. M. Epis ◽  
C. Casu ◽  
A. Adinolfi ◽  
L. Alvaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Behçet Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Behcet Disease ◽  
Intracardiac Thrombosis

Background:Behcet disease is a rare inflammatory disorder with the unique ability to affect vessels of any size. The disease could be associated to thrombosis in both the venous and arterial compartment, and often aneurysms. In particular, the presence of aneurysms of the pulmonary artery is rarely, if ever, seen in conditions other than Behcet. Cardiac involvement, albeit uncommon, is also described and associated to a severe prognosis. The treatment is based on immunosuppressants, meanwhile the use of anticoagulants -especially when aneurysms are present- is debated.Objectives:To describe a complex case of Behcet disease.Methods:We report the case of a 45 years old man of Chinese origin who presented to A&E with fever and acute dyspnea. Blood test revealed raised ESR and CRP and raised neutrophil count. Chest X rays showed bilateral opacities suggesting pneumonia. The patient did not improve over the course of antibiotics. Later on, he presented with an episode of hemoptysis and worsening dyspnea, so he was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. CT showed bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism and aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Echocardiogram and cardio-MRI revealed a large, mobile thrombus within the right atrium. Extensive work-up for infections and cancer was unrevealing. ANA, ENA and ANCA antibodies were negative. On the basis of a past medical history of recurrent oral ulcers and papulopustular skin lesions that patient admitted on questioning, a diagnosis of Behcet disease was suspected. In keeping with that, HLA-B51 turned out positive. The patient was promptly started on IV steroid pulses followed by Cyclophosphamide 1 gr IV monthly for six months, then on IV anti-TNF alpha Infliximab. He was also commenced on low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and subsequently direct factor Xa inhibitor Apixaban.Results:The patient improved significantly with progressive regression of the pulmonary CT changes. He was discharged and able to get back to his daily life activities. After 2 years and a half of treatment, the aneurysm was stable and the intracardiac thrombus completely cleared.Conclusion:This case is of particular interest because of the concomitant presence of two rare vascular complications of Behcet disease-intracardiac thrombosis (<1-2%, less than 100 cases described worldwide) and pulmonary artery aneurysm (1-2%). Prompt introduction of immunosuppressant therapy was associated with a favorable outcome with no recurrence. We could speculate that, to some extent, the concomitant use of anticoagulants may have contributed to the complete resolution of the intracardiac thrombosis.Disclosure of Interests :MARIA DI CICCO: None declared, oscar massimiliano epis Consultant of: yes, Speakers bureau: yes, Cinzia Casu: None declared, Antonella Adinolfi: None declared, Luisa Alvaro: None declared, Valeria Campanella: None declared, Michel Chevallard: None declared, Marina Muscarà: None declared, Mariaeva Romano: None declared, Emanuela Schito: None declared, Nicola Ughi: None declared, Elisa Verduci: None declared, Davide Antonio Filippini: None declared

Alpha-Particle Exposure Induces Mainly Unstable Complex Chromosome Aberrations which do not Contribute to Radiation-Associated Cytogenetic Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hartel ◽  
E. Nasonova ◽  
S. Ritter ◽  
T. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
High Let Radiation ◽  
High Let ◽  
Α Particles

The mechanism underlying the carcinogenic potential of α radiation is not fully understood, considering that cell inactivation (e.g., mitotic cell death) as a main consequence of exposure efficiently counteracts the spreading of heritable DNA damage. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of α particles in inducing different types of chromosomal aberrations, to determine the respective values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and to interpret the results with respect to exposure risk. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a single donor were exposed ex vivo to doses of 0–6 Gy X rays or 0–2 Gy α particles. Cells were harvested at two different times after irradiation to account for the mitotic delay of heavily damaged cells, which is known to occur after exposure to high-LET radiation (including α particles). Analysis of the kinetics of cells reaching first or second (and higher) mitosis after irradiation and aberration data obtained by the multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) technique are used to determine of the cytogenetic risk, i.e., the probability for transmissible aberrations in surviving lymphocytes. The analysis shows that the cytogenetic risk after α exposure is lower than after X rays. This indicates that the actually observed higher carcinogenic effect of α radiation is likely to stem from small scale mutations that are induced effectively by high-LET radiation but cannot be resolved by mFISH analysis.

scholarly journals Chromoblastomycosis complicated with co-morbidities, curbed by cryotherapy: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Vivekananda Ittigi ◽  
Soumya G. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Function Test ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Congestive Cardiac Failure ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Function Test

<p>Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic mycosis affecting skin and subcutaneous tissue. Treatment of chromoblastomycosis is challenging due to refractory nature of the condition and varied antifungal sensitivity of the organism. Though systemic antifungals are commonly used modality of treatment, there is no “gold standard” treatment. The array of treatment options include chemotherapy and physical methods (cryosurgery/ CO2 laser/superficial X-rays/ surgical excision), either alone or in combination. A 60 year old male farmer presented with history of congestive cardiac failure (CCF), presented with gradually increasing painful, reddish elevated skin lesions over right knee since 2 years. On examination, there was a well-defined solitary, tender plaque of size 2×3 cm with smooth surface, elevated peripheral margin. Blood investigations were within normal limits except for deranged LFT. Diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was made based on KOH mount which revealed typical sclerotic bodies and histopathology which revealed neutrophilic abscesses, muriform cells, mixed granulomatous response. In view of his comorbidities like congestive cardiac failure and deranged liver function test, we couldn’t consider the possibility of systemic drugs like Itraconazole. So, he was treated only with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy on a weekly basis for 8 weeks. Marked improvement in lesion was observed after 8 sittings. In our case, due to cardiac complications and deranged liver function test we treated the patient with cryotherapy solely and achieved marked improvement in skin lesions. Cryotherapy alone serves as an effective treatment modality when systemic antifungals can’t be given.</p>

scholarly journals The assessment of radiosensitivity in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome and in carriers of the mutated ATM gene using lymphoblastoid cell lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 846-852
Author(s):  
Barbara Pietrucha ◽  
Hanna Gregorek ◽  
Edyta Heropolitańska-Pliszka ◽  
Bożena Cukrowska ◽  
Ewa Konopka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases ◽  
Immunodeficiency Diseases ◽  
Atm Gene

Introduction: Hypersensitivity to ionising radiation is most often observed in the course of primary immunodeficiency diseases, which are associated with dysfunctional DNA repair, especially with the repair of double-strand breaks. Due to phenotypic similarities between primary immunodeficiency diseases, radiosensitivity testing can prove useful in early differential diagnosis, when attempting to identify patients with increased toxic reactivity to radio- and chemotherapy, and can have an impact on the process of their preparation for stem cell transplantation. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the radiosensitivity in vitro of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) syndrome, and their parents, carriers of one copy of the mutated ATM gene. Material/Methods: Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 15 A-T patients (remaining under the care of the Immunology Clinic and Immunology Outpatient Clinic of the Children’s Memorial Health Institute) and 11 mothers and 11 fathers of A-T patients, were used for radiosensitivity assessment. A standard colony survival assay (CSA) was applied in the tests. Results: A markedly decreased survival fraction (SF) of LCLs after in vitro exposure to X-rays was observed in all A-T patients when compared to control cells. A clear diversification of radiosensitivity to ionising radiation was observed among obligate heterozygotes. SF for heterozygotes was between 1% and 53%, i.e. varied from the values in healthy individuals to the extreme values observed in A-T patients. Conclusion: The assessment of cell radiosensitivity in A-T patients using CSA may be a useful additional test for confirming a clinically suspected disease. In heterozygous carriers, it can be an indicator of increased risk of carcinogenesis, and in both A-T patients and their parents can be helpful in making decisions with regard to radio- and/or chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Underestimating the Burden of Disease in Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of The Lung: A Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Laleh Melstrom ◽  
Indra M. Newman ◽  
Jae Kim ◽  
Laleh Melstrom ◽  
Massimo D’Apuzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Testicular Pain ◽  
History Of

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common emergency surgical procedure, yet atypical presentation sometimes can be challenging for clinician. I present a case of 19-year-old gentleman that initially presented with 1day history of bilateral testicular pain and lower abdominal pain. His past history includes a positive sexual history. Initial ultrasound of the testis showed bilateral orchitis and an equivocal appendix. With a significantly raised inflammatory marker and highly suspicious for appendicitis, a CT scan was obtained which showed perforated appendicitis and the patient underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy with resolution of symptoms after that. We encourage clinician to be aware of this clinical pitfall as patient can sometimes be managed in other department to minimise any delayed diagnosis or any unnecessary procedure

Principles of chemotherapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Cassidy ◽  
Donald Bissett ◽  
Roy A. J. Spence OBE ◽  
Miranda Payne ◽  
Gareth Morris-Stiff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Intraoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽  
Radical Treatment

Principles of radiation oncology outlines the physical and biological effects of ionising radiation, and its use in clinical oncology. Radiobiology, examining the response of tissue to ionising radiation, is described with regards to normal and malignant tissues. The effect of fractionation, the delivery of radiotherapy in a series of repeated exposures, is examined. The damaging effects on normal tissues are considered, particularly nonreversible late effects including carcinogenesis. Therapeutic exposure to ionising radiation is contrasted between radical and palliative radiotherapy. The physical properties of ionising radiation beams are described for superficial x-rays, megavoltage x-rays, and electrons. The process of treatment planning is summarised through beam dosimetry, target and critical organ outlining, dose planning, treatment verification, prescription and delivery. Computerised tomography is used for outlining and for verification, using cone beam CT. 0ther methods for image guided radiotherapy include fiducial markers. Increasingly intensity modulated radiotherapy is proving beneficial in reducing normal tissue damage during radical treatment. Stereotactic radiotherapy is used in the radical treatment of small unresectable malignancies. The clinical use of electron therapy, brachytherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy is described. Nuclear medicine uses unsealed radionuclides in imaging primary malignancies and their metastases, and in targeted radiotherapy. Examples include PET scanning, bone scanning, and radio iodine therapy. Whole body irradiation is used to improve outcomes after high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell or bone marrow transplantation.

scholarly journals Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome Showing Vascular Skin Lesions Predominantly on the Face

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Korekawa ◽  
Koji Nakajima ◽  
Takayuki Aizu ◽  
Hajime Nakano ◽  
Daisuke Sawamura
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Past History ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Normal Epithelium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dark Blue

An 81-year-old Japanese man presented with dark blue papules and nodules on his face. There were multiple soft papules and nodules, dark blue in color, compressive, and ranging in size from 2 to 10 mm. A few similar lesions were seen on the patient's right dorsal second toe and right buccal mucosa. There were no skin lesions on his trunk and upper limbs. The patient's past history did not include gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia. Histopathological examination showed dilated vascular spaces lined by the normal epithelium extending beneath the dermis and into the subcutaneous fat. Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract to check for colon involvement was not performed. X-ray images of the limbs revealed no abnormalities in the bones or joints. Laboratory investigations did not show anemia. Although we failed to confirm a diagnosis by endoscopy, the skin lesions, histopathological findings, lack of abnormal X-ray findings, and the presence of oral lesions as a part of gastrointestinal tract guided the diagnosis of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS). Skin lesions of BRBNS occur predominantly on the trunk and upper limbs. However, the present case showed multiple skin lesions predominantly on the face. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to know about a possible atypical distribution of skin lesions in BRBNS.

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