Effects of Glottalisation, Preceding Vowel Duration, and Coda Closure Duration on the Perception of Coda Stop Voicing

Phonetica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Penney ◽  
Felicity Cox ◽  
Anita Szakay
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Closure Duration

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Conditioning of Phonetic Category Realisation in Non-Native Speech

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Waniek-Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Phonetic Category ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
The U.S

The realisation of phonetic categories reflects a complex relationship between individual phonetic parameters and both linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioning of language usage. The present paper investigates the effect of selected socio-linguistic variables, such as the age, the amount of language use and cultural/social distance in English used by Polish immigrants to the U.S. Individual parameters used in the realisation of the category ‘voice’ have been found to vary in their sensitivity to extra-linguistic factors: while the production of target-like values of all parameters is related to the age, it is the closure duration that is most stable in the correspondence to the age and level of language proficiency. The VOT and vowel duration, on the other hand, prove to be more sensitive to the amount of language use and attitudinal factors.

What Makes Spanish-Accented English Sound Spanish-Accented? Acoustic Measures and Listener Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Accented English ◽  
Temporal Measures

This study aimed to understand which acoustic parameters of Spanish-accented English are correlated with listeners’ perception of Spanish-accentedness. Temporal differences were analyzed in multisyllabic target words spoken in sentences by 22 Spanish speakers of English and five native speakers of American English (AE). Recordings were presented to AE listeners who judged the degree of accentedness on a 9-point scale. Spearman rank order correlation showed that the listeners’ ratings of degree of accentedness in sentences correlated strongly (r= +0.82) with those in words. Listeners’ ratings of accentedness correlated in varying degrees with various temporal measures, namely Overall word durations (+0.04 to +0.56), Stressed/unstressed vowel duration ratios (–0.01 to +0.35), Voice Onset Time of stops (+0.26 to +0.36), and, closure duration (+0.29 to +0.59). Results suggest that Spanish-accented English is characterized by systematic temporal differences from native AE, and that these temporal differences contribute to the perception of accentedness. Implications of findings in improving theoretical understanding and applied practices are discussed.

A Comparison of Temporal Measures of Speech Using Spectrograms and Digital Oscillograms

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Smith ◽  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Dennis Ingrisano
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Temporal Measures

To determine whether any systematic differences occur as a result of using spectrograms versus digital oscillograms to make durational measurements, a number of temporal features (e.g., voice onset time, vowel duration, and consonant closure duration) for 3 speakers were independently measured by 2 different investigators. Both experimenters measured the same intervals with conventional spectrograms and with digital oscillograms, separated by at least a 2-week interval. Oscillograms tended to reveal slightly longer vowel durations and more voicing during consonant closure, while spectrograms evidenced slightly longer consonant closure durations. In general, variations between the two types of instrumentation were no more than 8 to 10 ms and are, therefore, of primary consequence only for studies in which quite small temporal differences are critical.

scholarly journals Temporal acoustic correlates of the voicing contrast in European Portuguese stops

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Lousada ◽  
Luis M. T. Jesus ◽  
Andreia Hall
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Acoustic Correlates ◽  
Voicing Contrast ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Closure Duration

This study focuses on the temporal analysis of stops /p b t d k ɡ/ and devoicing analysis of voiced stops /b d ɡ/ produced in different word positions by six native speakers of European Portuguese. The study explores acoustic properties related to voicing. The following acoustic properties were measured: voice onset time (VOT), stop duration, closure duration, release duration, voicing into closure duration, duration of the preceding vowel and duration of the following vowel. Results suggested that when [b d ɡ] were devoiced, the acoustic properties stop duration, closure duration, duration of the following vowel, duration of the preceding vowel and duration of voicing into closure were relevant for the voicing distinction. Implications for research and practice in speech and language therapy are discussed. Further investigation is needed to find how the productions analysed in the present study were perceived by listeners, specifically productions of devoiced stops.

scholarly journals Segmental speech timing at the phoneme and syllable levels in English and Afrikaans speaking white South African children

1989 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Oosthuizen
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
African Children ◽  
Speech Timing ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Timing Effects ◽  
Nonsense Syllables ◽  
South African Children

Two aspects of segmental timing were acoustically measured in the speech production of 30 English and 30 Afrikaans speaking white South African children. These were VOT and medial stop closure duration in VCV nonsense syllables. In addition, medial vowel duration in CVC nonsense syllables was measured in English speakers. Comparisons were made between younger (mean age 4.25 years) and older (mean age 6.5 years) subjects in each language group. Graphical statistical methods revealed certain trends in the data. English speakers employed short- and long-lag VOT for voiced and voiceless stops while Afrikaans speakers used two short-lag categories. Contextually determined right-to-left timing effects were identified which were in agreement with the literature, with different rates of acquisition of medial stop closure duration rules being observed between the language groups.

scholarly journals An exploratory study of voicing-related differences in vowel duration as compensatory temporal adjustment in Italian and Polish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Coretta
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Interval ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Production Mechanisms

Over a century of phonetic research has established the crosslinguistic existence of the so called ‘voicing effect’, by which vowels tend to be shorter when followed by voiceless stops and longer when the following stop is voiced. However, no agreement is found among scholars regarding the source of this effect, and several causal accounts have been advanced. A notable one is the compensatory temporal adjustment account, according to which the duration of the vowel is inversely correlated with the stop closure duration (voiceless stops having longer closure durations than voiced stops). The compensatory account has been criticised due to lack of empirical support and its vagueness regarding the temporal interval within which compensation is implemented. The results from an exploratory study of Italian and Polish suggest that the duration of the interval between two consecutive stop releases in CVCV words in these languages is not affected by the voicing of the second stop. The durational difference of the first vowel and the stop closure would then follow from differences in timing of the VC boundary within this interval. While other aspects, like production mechanisms related to laryngeal features effects and perceptual biases cannot be ruled out, the data discussed here are compatible with a production account based on compensatory mechanisms.

Effects of age and experience on the production of English word-final stops by Korean speakers

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Stop Consonant ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Word ◽  
Perceptual Judgment ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Consonant Voicing

This study examined the effect of second language (L2) age of acquisition and amount of experience on the production of word-final stop consonant voicing by adult native Korean learners of English. Thirty learners, who differed in amount of L2 experience and age of L2 exposure, and 10 native English speakers produced 8 English monosyllabic words ending in voiced and voiceless stops. These productions were presented to 10 English listeners for perceptual judgment and subjected to acoustic analyses to determine how well learners produced vowel duration and closure (stop gap) duration, two cues to stop consonant voicing. Results revealed that even learners with 10 years of L2 experience did not always produce stop consonant voicing accurately, that learners' age of acquisition influenced their production of both cues, that vowel duration was easier to learn than closure duration, and that English listeners used both these cues in their judgments of production accuracy.

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