scholarly journals An exploratory study of voicing-related differences in vowel duration as compensatory temporal adjustment in Italian and Polish

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Coretta
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Temporal Interval ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Production Mechanisms

Over a century of phonetic research has established the crosslinguistic existence of the so called ‘voicing effect’, by which vowels tend to be shorter when followed by voiceless stops and longer when the following stop is voiced. However, no agreement is found among scholars regarding the source of this effect, and several causal accounts have been advanced. A notable one is the compensatory temporal adjustment account, according to which the duration of the vowel is inversely correlated with the stop closure duration (voiceless stops having longer closure durations than voiced stops). The compensatory account has been criticised due to lack of empirical support and its vagueness regarding the temporal interval within which compensation is implemented. The results from an exploratory study of Italian and Polish suggest that the duration of the interval between two consecutive stop releases in CVCV words in these languages is not affected by the voicing of the second stop. The durational difference of the first vowel and the stop closure would then follow from differences in timing of the VC boundary within this interval. While other aspects, like production mechanisms related to laryngeal features effects and perceptual biases cannot be ruled out, the data discussed here are compatible with a production account based on compensatory mechanisms.

Could BDNF be involved in compensatory mechanisms to maintain cognitive performance despite acute sleep deprivation? An exploratory study

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Lima Giacobbo ◽  
Márcio Silveira Corrêa ◽  
Kelem Vedovelli ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Bruhn de Souza ◽  
Letícia Martins Spitza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Acute Sleep Deprivation

Perspectives on Research-related Anxiety among BSW Students: An Exploratory Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora S. Gustavsson ◽  
Ann E. MacEachron
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Math Anxiety ◽  
Computer Anxiety ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methods Course ◽  
Strengths Perspective ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Library Anxiety

Using a convenience sample of BSW students enrolled in a required research methods course, we explore two alternative perspectives on research-related anxiety. One perspective emphasizes the fear dimension of anxiety (math anxiety, library anxiety, and computer anxiety), and the other perspective emphasizes a dimension reflecting “eagerness to do well.” Our exploration of these alternative dimensions finds that both have empirical support. By looking at student anxieties about research from a strengths perspective, however, we may find additional innovative ways to engage students in learning and using research.

scholarly journals SELF-MURDER AND SELF-MURDERERS IN SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF YOUNG RUSSIANS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Psichologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Nikolay Dvoryanchikov ◽  
Inna Bovina ◽  
Olesya Vikhristuck ◽  
Elizaveta Berezina ◽  
Gennady Bannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Central System ◽  
The Social

Premature death caused by self-murder is one of the most serious problems of public health in the world. About one million people disappear for this reason each year, and the further estimations are quite pessimistic.There are no doubts that the current situation is extremely serious and complex; as a result, the importance of the further development and realization of the preventive measures is obvious. Each preventive program in the field of public health should be based on the results of social psychological studies concerning the problem. In the presented paper, we discuss the results of the exploratory study based on the ideas of the social representations theory. The objective of the exploratory study was to analyze the specificity of the social representations of self-murder and self-murderers in two groups of young Russians. A total of 106 subjects (67 females and 39 males) aged 18 to 35 participated in the study. It was supposed that the social representation of self-murder and of self-murderers would be less shared in the group of subjects who have friends or acquaintances among people with self-murder experience (committed self-murder or attempted it); it means that the structure of the social representations would be more complex (the central system would be composed of more elements that correspond to different themes on self-murder), whereas, the social representation of self-murder and of self-murderers in the group of subjects who have no friends or acquaintances with self-murder experience (committed self-murder or attempted it) would be more shared (the central system would consist of less themes) and less complex.The different themes that form the social representations of self-murder and of self-murderers in two groups were revealed. The suppositions got empirical support.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Conditioning of Phonetic Category Realisation in Non-Native Speech

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Waniek-Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Phonetic Category ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
The U.S

The realisation of phonetic categories reflects a complex relationship between individual phonetic parameters and both linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioning of language usage. The present paper investigates the effect of selected socio-linguistic variables, such as the age, the amount of language use and cultural/social distance in English used by Polish immigrants to the U.S. Individual parameters used in the realisation of the category ‘voice’ have been found to vary in their sensitivity to extra-linguistic factors: while the production of target-like values of all parameters is related to the age, it is the closure duration that is most stable in the correspondence to the age and level of language proficiency. The VOT and vowel duration, on the other hand, prove to be more sensitive to the amount of language use and attitudinal factors.

scholarly journals DART model from a customer's perspective: an exploratory study in the hospitality industry of Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Solakis ◽  
Jesús C. Peña-Vinces ◽  
Jesús Manuel Lopéz-Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Partial Least Squares ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Dominant Logic ◽  
Of Greece

The customers are an essential element for marketing decisions and became a factor decisive to develop collaborations with the company. The study examines the four building blocks of the interaction of the DART model (Dialogue, Access, Risk Assessment, Transparency) in the hospitality industry from the client’s perception. This approach of the research is paramount, as value co-creation and DART model especially are based on a dialogical process between equal partners. That means that the principles of the four building blocks of interaction are equally applied to all the actors involved. This argument is amplified as the dividing line between producers and consumers is barely evident in the service-dominant logic. The exploratory study has been carried out at the Makedonia International Airport in Thessaloniki, Greece. Partial Least Squares (PLS) provides empirical support to conduct the exploratory study.

What Makes Spanish-Accented English Sound Spanish-Accented? Acoustic Measures and Listener Cues

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Amee P. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Accented English ◽  
Temporal Measures

This study aimed to understand which acoustic parameters of Spanish-accented English are correlated with listeners’ perception of Spanish-accentedness. Temporal differences were analyzed in multisyllabic target words spoken in sentences by 22 Spanish speakers of English and five native speakers of American English (AE). Recordings were presented to AE listeners who judged the degree of accentedness on a 9-point scale. Spearman rank order correlation showed that the listeners’ ratings of degree of accentedness in sentences correlated strongly (r= +0.82) with those in words. Listeners’ ratings of accentedness correlated in varying degrees with various temporal measures, namely Overall word durations (+0.04 to +0.56), Stressed/unstressed vowel duration ratios (–0.01 to +0.35), Voice Onset Time of stops (+0.26 to +0.36), and, closure duration (+0.29 to +0.59). Results suggest that Spanish-accented English is characterized by systematic temporal differences from native AE, and that these temporal differences contribute to the perception of accentedness. Implications of findings in improving theoretical understanding and applied practices are discussed.

The Broadening of Perspective over the Career Course: An Exploratory Study of Self-Reported Creative Research Acts

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
David “A” Haber
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Career Stages ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Career Course ◽  
Creative Research ◽  
Systematic Sample ◽  
Recent Cohort ◽  
Discipline Knowledge

Data collected from questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of full professors were used to test the hypothesis that as persons advance through career stages, they are granted greater latitude in, and have greater inclination for, the expression of creative research activity within a broader perspective. Empirical support was found for this hypothesis. Even stronger support was obtained from a more recent cohort whose members may be part of a more career oriented discipline. Knowledge about the processes of career development and the trend toward increased breadth can lead to continued satisfaction for an individual over his/her career course, and the accomplishment of organizational objectives.

A Comparison of Temporal Measures of Speech Using Spectrograms and Digital Oscillograms

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Smith ◽  
James Hillenbrand ◽  
Dennis Ingrisano
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Temporal Measures

To determine whether any systematic differences occur as a result of using spectrograms versus digital oscillograms to make durational measurements, a number of temporal features (e.g., voice onset time, vowel duration, and consonant closure duration) for 3 speakers were independently measured by 2 different investigators. Both experimenters measured the same intervals with conventional spectrograms and with digital oscillograms, separated by at least a 2-week interval. Oscillograms tended to reveal slightly longer vowel durations and more voicing during consonant closure, while spectrograms evidenced slightly longer consonant closure durations. In general, variations between the two types of instrumentation were no more than 8 to 10 ms and are, therefore, of primary consequence only for studies in which quite small temporal differences are critical.

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