Research of Contextual Semantic Reasoning Model Based on Domain Ontology

With the development of mobile network technology and the popularization of mobile terminals, traditional information recommendation systems are gradually changing in the direction of real-time and mobile information recommendation. Information recommendation brings the problem of user contextual sensitivity within the mobile environment. For this problem, first, this paper constructs a domain ontology, which is applicable to the contextual semantic reasoning model. Second, based on the “5W + 1H” method, this paper constructs a context pedigree of the mobile environment using a model framework of a domain ontology. The contextual factors of the mobile environment are divided into six categories: the What-object context, the Where-place context, the When-time context, the Who-subject context, the Why-reason context, and the How-effect context. Then, considering the degree of influence of each contextual factor from the mobile context pedigree to the user is different, this paper uses contextual conditional entropy to calculate the contextual weight of each contextual attribute in the recommendation process. Based on this, a contextual semantic reasoning model based on a domain ontology is constructed. Finally, based on the open dataset provided by GroupLens, this paper verifies the validity and efficiency of the model through a simulation experiment.

A balanced view of mindfulness at work

Mindfulness has grown from an obscure subject to an immensely popular topic that is associated with numerous performance, health, and well-being benefits in organizations. However, this growth in popularity has generated a number of criticisms of mindfulness and a rather piecemeal approach to organizational research and practice on the subject. To advance both investigation and application, the present paper applies The Balance Framework to serve as an integrative scaffolding for considering mindfulness in organizations, helping to address some of the criticisms leveled against it. The Balance Framework specifies five forms of balance: 1) balance as tempered view, 2) balance as mid-range, 3) balance as complementarity, 4) balance as contextual sensitivity, and 5) balance among different levels of consciousness. Each form is applied to mindfulness at work with a discussion of relevant conceptual issues in addition to implications for research and practice. Plain Language Summary In order to appreciate the value of mindfulness at work researchers and practitioners might want to consider both the benefits and potential drawbacks of mindfulness. This paper presents a discussion of both the advantages and possible disadvantages of mindfulness at work organized in terms of the five dimensions of an organizing structure called The Balance Framework.

Inequality across Three Generations under Pressure from Sovietization Policies

This article explores the multigenerational impact of Sovietization policies on the reproduction of educational inequalities in Estonia. Estonia provides an opportunity to assess the multigenerational effect under conditions of regime changes after transitioning from the independent Estonian Republic to Soviet Estonia and thence to the newly independent post-Soviet Estonia. During Sovietization, a wide range of measures involving repressions and positive discrimination were applied to abruptly hinder intergenerational continuity. Analysis based on retrospective data from the Estonian Family and Fertility Survey 2004 indicates grandparents’ social positions are associated with grandchildren’s attainment of higher education. Their influence is only partially mediated through the parental generation. Overall, the Sovietization policies have not reduced either the two or three-generational reproduction of inequality. Moreover, these policies produced unintended consequences, facilitating the transmission of advantage in three generational perspectives. Our findings argue in favour of the importance of contextual sensitivity and a multigenerational perspective in research of social stratification.

Kinesthetic engagement in Gestalt evaluation outscores analytical ‘atomic feature’ evaluation in perceiving aging in crystallization images of agricultural products

There is an increasing interest in a systemic approach to food quality. From this perspective, the copper chloride crystallization method is an interesting asset as it enables an estimation of a sample’s ‘resilience’ in response to controlled degradation. In previous studies, we showed that an ISO-standardized visual evaluation panel could correctly rank crystallization images of diverse agricultural products according to their degree of induced degradation. In this paper we examined the role of contextual sensitivity herein, with the aim to further improve the visual evaluation. To this end, we compared subjects’ performance in ranking tests, while primed according to two perceptional strategies (levels: analytical vs. kinesthetic engagement), according to a within-subject design. The ranking test consisted out of wheat and rocket lettuce crystallization images, exhibiting four levels of induced degradation. The perceptual strategy imbuing kinesthetic engagement improved the performance of the ranking test in both samples tested. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the training and application of such a perceptual strategy in visual evaluation.

Many Labs 5: Registered Replication of Crosby, Monin, and Richardson (2008)

Crosby, Monin, and Richardson (2008) found that hearing an offensive remark caused subjects ( N = 25) to look longer at a potentially offended person, but only if that person could hear the remark. On the basis of this result, they argued that people use social referencing to assess the offensiveness. However, in a direct replication in the Reproducibility Project: Psychology, the result for Crosby et al.’s key effect was not significant. In the current project, we tested whether the size of the social-referencing effect might be increased by a peer-reviewed and preregistered protocol manipulation in which some participants were given context to understand why the remark was potentially offensive. Three labs in Europe and the United States ( N = 283) took part. The protocol manipulation did not affect the size of the social-referencing effect. However, we did replicate the original effect reported by Crosby et al., albeit with a much smaller effect size. We discuss these results in the context of ongoing debates about how replication attempts should treat statistical power and contextual sensitivity.

At-home ethnography: a native researcher’s fieldwork reflections

PurposeIn last few decades, the native anthropology has been highlighted for its potential to immediately grasping cultural familiarity, contextual sensitivity, and rapport building. Nevertheless, detachment from the native context is also seen as a challenge for the native researcher. This paper aims to provide invaluable information about the fieldwork experience of the author as a native researcher in rural Punjab Pakistan. The author presents and reflects the fieldwork challenges faced and the strategies used to overcome the challenges. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the methodological strategies to face the challenges of doing at-home ethnography.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in native context.FindingsDealing with contextual complexity and sensitivity with the author’s native learning, the author used native knowledge as a useful resource to investigate insider’s perspective on infant care belief practices. Furthermore, the author addressed the challenges related to building rapport, gaining friendly access to the families and children, and setting aside presumptions. The author discusses the strategies opted, such as selecting a research assistant, gaining access to the field, planning fieldwork and bracketing native presumptions.Practical implicationsThis paper provides important insight of at-home ethnography and technical understanding to conduct fieldwork in native contexts.Originality/valueBased on my ethnographic fieldwork, this article contributes in contemporary debates on the challenges in doing at-home ethnography.

Current challenges in mindfulness research: Troubles with capturing Sammā Sati

Classic perspectives on mindfulness emphasize engagement with life’s challenges. In contrast, contemporary mainstream approaches to mindfulness in psychology chiefly focus on stress reduction. We contrast classic and contemporary approaches, outlining conceptual and methodological shortcomings of mindfulness research. Existing mindfulness measures fail to adequately capture engagement or relief aspects of the construct due to assessment primarily through negatively-worded items, discordant definitions, confusion of outcomes with processes, and a lack of contextual sensitivity. Empirical evidence shows that the dimensions of mindfulness are not only negatively correlated with each other, but also with variables they should be similarly linked to. Further, modern measures of mindfulness are positively related to outcomes that are antithetical to mindfulness-as-engagement (e.g., emotional suppression), suggesting that current measures may be biased towards relief rather than engagement outcomes. We outline several ways to overcome conceptual and methodological challenges, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of classic contemplative roots of mindfulness and a rigorous psychometric and culturally-sensitive analysis, in hopes to guide researchers towards capturing mindfulness as a regulatory process that involves actively working through life’s challenges.

Care Descriptions at Work

Forms and documents play significant roles in the context of care work for older people. One type of form that care workers use on a daily basis is individual care descriptions (ICDs). An ICD is a text that is written on a piece of paper or on a computer, and specifies the care tasks to be carried out. How do ICDs operate in local settings of care work for older people? Anchored in insights from institutional ethnography, I investigate care work practices from the standpoint of care workers in care settings in Norway. In the empirical analysis, I identify and pay attention to two particular ICDs and how they enter the everyday care work practices. The findings indicate that ICDs contribute to standardizing care work practices that are related to changes in the cultural and institutional foundations of the welfare state. Furthermore, ICDs coordinate practices in different ways, and promote several forms of coordination. Hence, when analysing care descriptions at work, awareness of contextual sensitivity is called for. This paper contributes to research on management and power relationships in home care and nursing care work by illustrating different dimensions of textually based coordination.

Towards a relational understanding of teacher autonomy: The role of trust for Canadian and Finnish teachers

We argue that teacher autonomy should be conceptualised differently from its current form, that confines teacher autonomy to the individual, or to freedom from control. Here, we investigate the role of trust concerning teachers’ perceptions of their own autonomy, embedded in differing contexts and relations. To display contextual variations, we study qualitatively a sample of Canadian and Finnish upper-secondary school mathematics teachers. Our findings reveal that trust plays a decisive role in whether teachers feel autonomous or not, and that trust plays a central role in relationships teachers have at work. Furthermore, trust is articulated differently according to the teachers’ context. Based on our findings, we argue that a reconceptualisation of teacher autonomy is needed. A relational conceptualisation of teacher autonomy, highlights its inherent relationality and contextual sensitivity, provides new insight into the teachers’ work, and supports more empowering ways for teachers to exert a proactive influence on their autonomy.

An Empirical Study of Gamification Frameworks

Gamification is a relatively novel concept which is attracting interest from academics and practitioners as a method of mediating individual behaviour. It is increasingly being used in a wide range of social and business contexts across a range of diverse activities such as education, health care and personal productivity. In this article, the components used to implement gamification are catalogued. Using a standardised rubric, a sample of gamified activities is studied to measure the prevalence of the various components used to implement gamification. This research provides an empirically validated catalogue of specific components used to implement gamification, which can serve to guide the work of academics and practitioners. It demonstrates variance in the use of the different types of component, indicating that the utility of gamification components may differ. Finally, by contrasting the utilization of components in the individual and group contexts, this research identifies the contextual sensitivity of gamification.