FISH-Based Karyotype Analyses of Four Dracaena Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hongyou Zhao ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Chunyong Yang ◽  
Ge Li ◽  
Yanfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Structure ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Dragon’S Blood ◽  
Dracaena Cambodiana ◽  
Karyotype Analyses ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
5S And 45S Rdna ◽  
Almost All

The genus <i>Dracaena</i> is the main source of dragon’s blood, which is a plant resin and has been used as traditional medicine since ancient times in different civilizations. However, the chromosome numbers and karyotypes present in this genus remain poorly understood. In this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using oligonucleotide probes for ribosomal DNAs (5S and 45S rDNA) and telomeric repeats (TTTAGGG)<sub>3</sub> was applied to analyze 4 related species: <i>Dracaena terniflora</i> Roxb., <i>Dracaena cambodiana</i> Pierre ex Gagnep., Aizong (<i>Dracaena</i> sp.), and <i>Dracaena cochinchinensis</i> (Lour.) S.C. Chen. In all 4 species, both 5S and 45S rDNA showed hybridization signals in the paracentromeric region of a pair of chromosomes; the sizes of the 45S rDNA signals were larger than those of the 5S rDNA. Importantly, the telomeric repeat signals were located in the telomeric regions of almost all chromosomes. The results indicated that the chromosome number of all 4 <i>Dracaena</i> species is 2n = 40, and the lengths of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes range from 0.99 to 2.98 μm. Our results provide useful cytogenetic information, which will be beneficial to future studies in genome structure of the genus <i>Dracaena</i>.

scholarly journals Ribosomal DNA localization on Lathyrus species chromosomes by FISH

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda B. M. Ali ◽  
Samira A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Lathyrus Odoratus ◽  
5S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) played an essential role to locate the ribosomal RNA genes on the chromosomes that offered a new tool to study the chromosome structure and evolution in plant. The 45S and 5S rRNA genes are independent and localized at one or more loci per the chromosome complement, their positions along chromosomes offer useful markers for chromosome discriminations. In the current study FISH has been performed to locate 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the chromosomes of nine Lathyrus species belong to five different sections, all have chromosome number 2n=14, Lathyrus gorgoni Parl, Lathyrus hirsutus L., Lathyrus amphicarpos L., Lathyrus odoratus L., Lathyrus sphaericus Retz, Lathyrus incospicuus L, Lathyrus paranensis Burkart, Lathyrus nissolia L., and Lathyrus articulates L. Results The revealed loci of 45S and 5S rDNA by FISH on metaphase chromosomes of the examined species were as follow: all of the studied species have one 45S rDNA locus and one 5S rDNA locus except L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L. and L. sphaericus Retz L. have two loci of 5S rDNA. Three out of the nine examined species have the loci of 45S and 5S rRNA genes on the opposite arms of the same chromosome (L. nissolia L., L. amphicarpos L., and L. incospicuus L.), while L. hirsutus L. has both loci on the same chromosome arm. The other five species showed the loci of the two types of rDNA on different chromosomes. Conclusion The detected 5S and 45S rDNA loci in Lathyrus could be used as chromosomal markers to discriminate the chromosome pairs of the examined species. FISH could discriminate only one chromosome pair out of the seven pairs in three species, in L. hirsutus L., L. nissolia L. and L. incospicuus L., and two chromosome pairs in five species, in L. paranensis Burkart, L. odoratus L., L. amphicarpos L., L. gorgoni Parl. and L. articulatus L., while it could discriminate three chromosome pairs in L. sphaericus Retz. these results could contribute into the physical genome mapping of Lathyrus species and the evolution of rDNA patterns by FISH in the coming studies in future.

Karyotype analysis of Lilium longiflorum and Lilium rubellum by chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridisation

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Byung Lim ◽  
Jannie Wennekes ◽  
J Hans de Jong ◽  
Evert Jacobsen ◽  
Jaap M van Tuyl
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Rdna Signal ◽  
5S And 45S Rdna

Detailed karyotypes of Lilium longiflorum and L. rubellum were constructed on the basis of chromosome arm lengths, C-banding, AgNO3 staining, and PI-DAPI banding, together with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with the 5S and 45S rDNA sequences as probes. The C-banding patterns that were obtained with the standard BSG technique revealed only few minor bands on heterologous positions of the L. longiflorum and L. rubellum chromosomes. FISH of the 5S and 45S rDNA probes on L. longiflorum metaphase complements showed overlapping signals at proximal positions of the short arms of chromosomes 4 and 7, a single 5S rDNA signal on the secondary constriction of chromosome 3, and one 45S rDNA signal adjacent to the 5S rDNA signal on the subdistal part of the long arm of chromosome 3. In L. rubellum, we observed co-localisation of the 5S and 45S rDNA sequences on the short arm of chromosomes 2 and 4 and on the long arms of chromosomes 2 and 3, and two adjacent bands on chromosome 12. Silver staining (Ag-NOR) of the nucleoli and NORs in L. longiflorum and L. rubellum yielded a highly variable number of signals in interphase nuclei and only a few faint silver deposits on the NORs of mitotic metaphase chromosomes. In preparations stained with PI and DAPI, we observed both red- and blue-fluorescing bands at different positions on the L. longiflorum and L. rubellum chromosomes. The red-fluorescing or so-called reverse PI-DAPI bands always coincided with rDNA sites, whereas the blue-fluorescing DAPI bands corresponded to C-bands. Based on these techniques, we could identify most of chromosomes of the L. longiflorum and L. rubellum karyotypes.Key words: fluorescence in situ hybridisation, FISH, 5S rDNA, 45S rDNA, C-banding, reverse PI-DAPI banding.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of ribosomal loci (5S and 45S rDNA) and pSc119.2 repetitive DNA sequence among four species of Aegilops (Poaceae) from Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-425
Author(s):  
Nourdine Baik ◽  
◽  
Houda Bandou ◽  
Miriam Gonzales Garcia ◽  
Elena Benavente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Aegilops Species ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Physical Maps ◽  
5S And 45S Rdna

In continuation of our previous research we carried out the karyological investigation of 53 populations of four Aegilops species (A. geniculata, A. triuncialis, A. ventricosa, and A. neglecta) sampled in different eco-geographical habitats in Algeria. The genetic variability of the chromosomal DNA loci of the same collection of Aegilops is highlighted by the Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization technique (FISH) using three probes: 5S rDNA, 45S rDNA, and repetitive DNA (pSc119.2). We found that the two rDNA loci (5S and 45S) hybridized with some chromosomes and showed a large genetic polymorphism within and between the four Aegilops species, while the repetitive DNA sequences (pSc119.2) hybridized with all chromosomes and differentiated the populations of the mountains with a humid bioclimate from the populations of the steppe regions with an arid bioclimate. However, the transposition of the physical maps of the studied loci (5S rDNA, 45S rDNA, and pSc119.2) with those of other collections revealed the existence of new loci in Aegilops from Algeria.

Comparative analysis of rDNA distribution in 29 species of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum Irmsch.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 381 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN-LI HAN ◽  
DAI-KE TIAN ◽  
NAI-FENG FU ◽  
YAN XIAO ◽  
ZONG-YUN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Rdna Fish ◽  
5S And 45S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Landmarks

The rDNA sites are useful chromosome landmarks and can provide valuable information for species identification and species relationships. In this study, we investigated the distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA sites in 29 species of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum Irmsch. using a two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. This is the first report of chromosomal rDNA mapping in Begonia species. The analyzed species showed considerable diversity in rDNA distribution patterns. The 45S rDNA signals are always located in terminal regions on 1−4 chromosomes, while 5S rDNA signals are mainly located at proximal regions on 2−8 chromosomes, varying from specific major signals to highly dispersed minor signals. Based on rDNA FISH patterns, most of the investigated species could be distinguished from each other and species relationships were identified. In addition, the results provided clear proof that B. huangii is of hybrid origin and the triploid B. longgangensis was allotriploid rather than autotriploid as suggested before. The data will provide a useful reference for evaluation, conservation and utilization of the natural resources of the mega-diverse genus Begonia.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Visualization of 5S and 45S rDNAs in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and Several Wild Relatives (Diospyros spp.) by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) and MultiColor FISH (MCFISH)

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young A Choi ◽  
Ryutaro Tao ◽  
Keizo Yonemori ◽  
Akira Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Multicolor Fish ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
5S And 45S Rdna

5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was visualized on the somatic metaphase chromosome of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and ten wild Diospyros species by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled 5S rDNA probe was hybridized onto the chromosomes and visualized by incubation with anti-DIG-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Strong signals of 5S rDNA probe were observed on several chromosomes of Diospyros species tested. Furthermore, multicolor FISH using 5S and 45S rDNA probes differently labeled with DIG and biotin, revealed separate localization of the two rDNA genes on different chromosomes of Diospyros species tested, suggesting that 5S and 45S rDNA sites can be used as chromosome markers in Diospyros. The number of 5S rDNA sites varied with the Diospyros species. More 5S rDNA sites were observed in four diploid species native to Southern Africa than in three Asian diploid species. The former had four or six 5S rDNA sites while the latter had two. Three Asian polyploidy species had four to eight 5S rDNA sites. Among the Asian species, the number of 5S rDNA sites seemed to increase according to ploidy level of species. These features of 5S rDNA sites were very similar to those of 45S rDNA sites in Diospyros. Phylogenetic relationship between D. kaki and wild species tested are discussed based on the number and chromosomal distribution of 5S and 45S rDNA.

Heterochromatin banding and rDNA physical mapping in 22 Epimedium species and two Vancouveria species: implications for evolution in Epimedium

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-497
Author(s):  
Maoyin Sheng ◽  
Mengdi Gao ◽  
Linjiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Centre Of Origin ◽  
Rdna Loci ◽  
Important Evidence

Abstract Heterochromatin banding patterns and the physical locations of 45S and 5S rDNA loci in mitotic metaphase chromosomes in 22 Epimedium spp. and two Vancouveria spp. species were studied using orcein staining and double-colour fluorescent in situ hybridization, respectively. Four types of chromosomal heterochromatin bands (satellite, centromeric, intercalary and terminal) were detected in all species, and there was clear variation in the number of bands and total length. In all species examined, at least one pair each of 45S and 5S rDNA signals was detected. The position of 5S rDNA is more conserved than that of 45S rDNA. The chromosomal distribution of 45S rDNA loci detected in Epimedium can be divided into three types. The chromosomal distributions of heterochromatin bands and 45S and 5S rDNA loci were closely related to the geographical distribution and may provide important evidence concerning the classification and systematics of Epimedium. Finally, based on results of the present study and pervious research, the centre of origin and formation of modern geographical distribution of Epimedium are discussed.

Non-Random Distribution of 5S rDNA Sites and Its Association with 45S rDNA in Plant Chromosomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Roa ◽  
Marcelo Guerra
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Angiosperm Evolution ◽  
Holokinetic Chromosomes ◽  
Plant Chromosomes ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
5S And 45S Rdna ◽  
Chromosome Regions

5S and 45S rDNA sites are the best mapped chromosome regions in eukaryotic chromosomes. In this work, a database was built gathering information about the position and number of 5S rDNA sites in 784 plant species, aiming to identify patterns of distribution along the chromosomes and its correlation with the position of 45S rDNA sites. Data revealed that in most karyotypes (54.5%, including polyploids) two 5S rDNA sites (a single pair) are present, with 58.7% of all sites occurring in the short arm, mainly in the proximal region. In karyotypes of angiosperms with only 1 pair of sites (single sites) they are mostly found in the proximal region (52.0%), whereas in karyotypes with multiple sites the location varies according to the average chromosome size. Karyotypes with multiple sites and small chromosomes (<3 µm) often display proximal sites, while medium-sized (between 3 and 6 µm) and large chromosomes (>6 µm) more commonly show terminal or interstitial sites. In species with holokinetic chromosomes, the modal value of sites per karyotype was also 2, but they were found mainly in a terminal position. Adjacent 5S and 45S rDNA sites were often found in the short arm, reflecting the preferential distribution of both sites in this arm. The high frequency of genera with at least 1 species with adjacent 5S and 45S sites reveals that this association appeared several times during angiosperm evolution, but it has been maintained only rarely as the dominant array in plant genera.

COMMERCIAL FAUNA OF WA-TERBODIES IN THE MOSCOW RIVER BASIN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-112
Author(s):  
N. Ozerova
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Moscow River

Based on the data from economic notes to the General Land Survey, the ranges of commercial fish and crayfish species that inhabited waterbodies of the Moscow River basin in the second half of the 18th century are reconstructed. Eighteen maps showing the distribution of 22 fish species, including Acipenser ruthenus L., Abramis brama L., Barbatula barbatula L., Lota lota L., Sander lucioperca L. and others are compiled. Comparison of commercial fish species that lived in the Moscow River basin in the second half of the 18th century with data from ichthyological studies in the beginning of the XXI century and materials of archaeological surveys shows that almost all of these species have lived in the Moscow River basin since ancient times and have survived to the present day.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Chalcone Isomerase Genes Involved in Flavonoid Production in Dracaena cambodiana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahong Zhu ◽  
Wan Zhao ◽  
Rongshuang Li ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Huiliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Enzyme Activity Assay ◽  
Dragon’S Blood ◽  
Dracaena Cambodiana ◽  
Key Enzyme

Dragon’s blood is a traditional medicine in which flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds; however, the underlying formation mechanism of dragon’s blood remains largely poorly understood. Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, CHI family genes are not well understood in Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep, an important source plant of dragon’s blood. In this study, 11 CHI family genes were identified from D. cambodiana, and they were classified into three types. Evolutionary and transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 might be involved in flavonoid production. Both DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 displayed low expression levels in stem under normal growth conditions and were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA, synthetic cytokinin), ultraviolet-B (UV-B), and wounding. The recombinant proteins DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by His-Bind resin chromatography. Enzyme activity assay indicated that DcCHI1 catalyzed the formation of naringenin from naringenin chalcone, while DcCHI4 lacked this catalytic activity. Overexpression of DcCHI1 or DcCHI4 enhanced the flavonoid production in D. cambodiana and tobacco. These findings implied that DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 play important roles in flavonoid production. Thus, our study will not only contribute to better understand the function and expression regulation of CHI family genes involved in flavonoid production in D. cambodiana but also lay the foundation for developing the effective inducer of dragon’s blood.

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