The Association of “GOOP” on Gross Examination of Fine Needle Aspiration Samples and On-Site Adequacy

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Nikhil Meena ◽  
Thaddeus Bartter ◽  
Roshen Mathew ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Winnie Elma Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Study Interval ◽  
White Material ◽  
Gross Examination ◽  
Malignant Diagnosis ◽  
Rule Out

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) is not always available for fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens. We have examined the relationships between the presence of “GOOP” (defined as gooey white material) on FNA aspirates, on-site adequacy (OSA), and diagnosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Consecutive FNA samples obtained over the study interval were included. Samples were assessed macroscopically for the presence or absence of GOOP (GOOP+ or GOOP−). GOOP+ samples were further characterized as shiny (G+<sub>S</sub>) or cheesy (G+<sub>C</sub>). Gross descriptors were correlated with OSA and final diagnoses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 204 sites biopsied, 102 were malignant, 94 benign, and 8 nondiagnostic. The presence of GOOP was highly predictive for adequacy (positive predictive value 98%). While these correlations for GOOP positivity were significant, the absence of GOOP did not rule out adequacy or malignancy. The presence of GOOP was also significantly correlated with a malignant diagnosis. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We have prospectively demonstrated that the presence of GOOP correlates strongly with adequacy. This may be of value for those for whom ROSE is not available and, when available, may help prioritize specimens for on-site review.

scholarly journals Molecular Testing of Thyroid Nodules: A Review of Current Available Tests for Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 1338-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Oscar Lin
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Rule Out

Context.— Fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules is a reliable diagnostic method to determine the nature of thyroid nodules. Nonetheless, indeterminate cytology diagnoses remain a diagnostic challenge. The development of multiplex molecular techniques and the identification of genetic alterations associated with different follicular cell–derived cancers in the thyroid have led to the introduction of several commercially available tests. Objective.— To summarize the most common commercially available molecular testing in thyroid cancer, focusing on the technical features and test performance validation. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed original articles, review articles, and published conference abstracts were reviewed to analyze the advantages and limitations of the most common tests used in the evaluation of thyroid needle aspirations. Conclusions.— The most common tests available include the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier, ThyGenX, and ThyroSeq. The excellent negative predictive value (NPV) of the Afirma test allows it to be used as a “rule out” test. ThyGenX analyzes a panel of DNA mutations and RNA translocation fusion markers to assess the risk of malignancy with good NPV and positive predictive value. ThyroSeq is a next-generation sequencing–based gene mutation and fusion test that has been reported to have the best NPV and positive predictive value combined, suggesting that it can be used as a “rule in” and “rule out” test. Molecular testing of cytology specimens from thyroid nodules has the potential to play a major role in the evaluation of indeterminate thyroid lesions.

THE RISK OF THYROID CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NODULE 3 CM OR LARGER

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290
Author(s):  
Edy Kornelius ◽  
Shih-Chang Lo ◽  
Chien-Ning Huang ◽  
Yi-Sun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Fine Needle

Objective: There are conflicting data on the risk of thyroid cancer in thyroid nodules 3 cm or larger, and few such studies on this issue have been conducted in Asia. This study aimed to examine the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodules 3 cm or larger. Methods: This was a 7-year retrospective study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan. All patients with a thyroid nodule measuring ≥3 cm who underwent thyroid operation with or without fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were included. The prevalence rate of thyroid cancer, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and false-negative rate of FNAB for thyroid nodule ≥3 cm were also examined. Results: A total of 132 patients were included in this study. Thyroid cancer was detected in 19 of 132 (14.4%) thyroid nodules measuring ≥3 cm. The performance of FNAB for detecting cancer in nodules 3 cm or larger without considering other ultrasonography parameters was relatively poor with a sensitivity of 50%, but the specificity (100%), PPV (100 %), and NPV (93.4 %) were excellent. Conclusion: The risk of thyroid cancer for thyroid nodules ≥3 cm in this study was low. The PPV and NPV of FNAB were high for the detection of cancer in large nodules. The decision to perform thyroidectomy should not be solely based on nodule size and should include other factors, such as ultrasound characteristics and surgical risk. Abbreviations: ATA = American Thyroid Association; FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy; mPTC = micropapillary thyroid carcinoma; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; PTC = papillary thyroid carcinoma

scholarly journals Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Diagnosing Parotid Gland Malignancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Kathleen Joy B. Santiago ◽  
Rodante A. Roldan ◽  
Samantha S. Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of FNAB in detecting parotid malignancies in our institution. Methods: Design:           Retrospective Chart Review Setting:           Tertiary Government Hospital Participants: Postoperative records of seventy six (76) patients with tumors of the parotid gland preoperatively diagnosed by FNAB. Results: The sensitivity of FNAB was 46%. The specificity and positive predictive value were both 100% and negative predictive value was 90%. Overall accuracy in diagnosing malignant parotid tumor was 91%. Conclusion: FNAB in this institution is a poor predictor of malignancy, having a sensitivity rate of only 46%. While this may serve as a basis for not recommending pre-operative FNAB for patients with parotid tumors in the interim, other factors should also be considered, including concerns with the actual performance and interpretion of FNAB in our institution. Keywords: Parotid neoplasm, Cancer of the parotid, fine needle aspiration biopsy, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy

scholarly journals Ultrasound and guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the submandibular triangle

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
A. T. Ahuja ◽  
W. T. Yang ◽  
W. King ◽  
C. Metreweli
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether High Resolution Ultrasound (US) along with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) can provide the surgeon with adequate preoperative information for masses in the submandibular triangle.Subjects and methods: Eighty-two consecutive patients with suspected masses of the submandibular triangle had US with guided FNAC (49 patients) and final histological correlation (47 patients).Results: Compared to final histology, US had a sensitivity of 97%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 91% and a negative predictive value of 95% while FNAC had sensitivity of 100%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 94% and negative predictive value of 100%.Conclusion: US combined with a FNAC is an ideal initial investigation for evaluating masses in submandibular area.  It is quick, inexpensive, easily available, and provides the surgeon with relevant information preoperatively obviating the need for further expensive imaging.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the mediastinum

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (9) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Dubravcsik ◽  
Péter Serényi ◽  
László Madácsy ◽  
Attila Szepes
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Fine Needle

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the posterior mediastinum is technically a relatively simple and safe procedure, and it can provide important information for the further management of patients. Aim: To analyze and compare the results of mediastinal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with the data available in the literatue. Patients and methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed their prospective database on mediastinal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of 49 patients referred to their endoscopy centre between 1 November 2009 and 1 November 2012. For the fine needle aspiration 22 and 25 G needles were used. Two to six needle passes were performed in each patient. All slides were prepared at the endoscopy unit and analyzed at the cytology laboratory. Results: The authors performed mediastinal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for enlarged lymph nodes or suspected mediastinal malignancy in all but 4 patients (2 suspected oesophageal cancers, 1 suspected benign oesophageal stenosis with wall thickening and 1 cardia tumour, all with non-diagnostic endoscopic biopsies). Five patients were excluded from the analysis since fine needle aspiration was not performed in them. Benign lesions were suspected based on the endoscopic ultrasound morphology in 7, and malignant disease in 37 patients. In 3 cases samples obtained by biopsy were not informative for cytological analysis. Cytology confirmed all benign lesions and showed malignancy in 28 cases. Cytology failed to reveal malignancy in 6 patients, although it was suspected based upon endoscopic ultrasound finding. Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration provided the diagnosis in 15 of the 17 patients when bronchoscopy was non-diagnostic. The diagnostic accuracy of the EUS-FNA was the following: sensitivity 82%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 1.0, negative predictive value 0.54. Only one infectious complication was encountered after fine needle aspiration despite antibiotic prophylaxis. Discussion: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of mediastinal pathology is an accurate, safe and technically relatively easy procedure, however it requires practice and skills in mediastinal anatomy. It has an excellent positive predictive value, a very good sensitivity, but slightly poor negative predictive value. The results of this study are concordant with the literature data. The authors suggest that at least 4 needle passes in the absence of on-site pathologist should be performed in order to minimize the number of false-negative results. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 338–344.

scholarly journals Μελέτη της μεθυλίωσης ογκοκατασταλτικών γονιδίων σε δείγματα αναρρόφησης δια λεπτής βελόνης σε ασθενείς με καρκίνο του μαστού

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελευθέριος Βαβουλίδης
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Bisulfite Conversion ◽  
P Values ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Specific Pcr

Σκοπός: Η μεθυλίωση DNA σε περιοχές γονιδιακών υποκινητών έχει παρατηρηθεί σε αρκετά είδη καρκίνων, συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του Καρκίνου του Μαστού. Ένα πρωτόκολλο Methylation Specific PCR (MSP) σχεδιάστηκε και εφαρμόστηκε σε κλινικά δείγματα Αναρρόφησης δια λεπτής βελόνης (Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy, FNAB) μαστού, ενός βιολογικού υλικού που έχει ελάχιστα χρησιμοποιηθεί στην βιβλιογραφία, για να προσδιοριστούν τα επίπεδα μεθυλίωσης των υποκινητών των γονιδίων CND2, APC, HIN1 & CDH13 και να εκτιμηθεί το κατά πόσο αυτό το πολυγονιδιακό πάνελ μεθυλίωσης μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως βιοδείκτης για την ανίχνευση του Καρκίνου του Μαστού σε ελληνικό πληθυσμό. Μέθοδοι: Οι 104 συμμετέχοντες υπεβλήθησαν σε FNAB το υλικό της οποίας εκτιμήθηκε κυτταρολογικά για κακοήθεια μαστού ή μη και χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την περαιτέρω επιγενετική ανάλυση. Έγινε απομόνωση του DNA από τα κλινικά δείγματα FNAB μαστού και στη συνέχεια ακολούθησε η μετατροπή του παρουσία όξινου θειώδους νατρίου (bisulfite conversion). Οι αντιδράσεις MSP έγιναν με εκκινητές (primers) ειδικούς είτε για την μεθυλιωμένη είτε για τη μη μεθυλιωμένη κατάσταση για καθένα από τα 4 υπό μελέτη γονίδια. Τα τελικά MSP-προϊόντα αναλύθηκαν σε 2% πήκτωμα αγαρόζης με ηλεκτροφόρηση. Αποτελέσματα: Υπερμεθυλίωση παρατηρήθηκε στο 74%, 69.2%, 59.6% και 63.4% των δειγμάτων για τα γονίδια CND2, HIN1, APC και CDH13 αντιστοίχως. Το γονίδιο CND2 ήταν το πιο συχνά μεθυλιωμένο στα περιστατικά με κυτταρολογική διάγνωση κακοήθειας (90%) και τα γονίδια APC και HIN1 στα περιστατικά διαγνωσμένα ως ύποπτα για κακοήθεια (88.2%). Σημαντική συσχέτιση παρατηρήθηκε μεταξύ της ιστολογικής διάγνωσης και των συχνοτήτων μεθυλίωσης όλων των γονιδίων μελέτης (p-values<0.001). Βρέθηκε ότι ο σχετικός κίνδυνος (Odds Ratio) για κακοήθεια μαστού ήταν 8.267 για το γονίδιο CND2, 5.235 για το γονίδιο APC, 7.852 για το γονίδιο HIN1 and 22.920 για το γονίδιο CDH13, υποδηλώνοντας την θετική συσχέτιση της μεθυλίωσης των 4 γονιδίων με την εμφάνιση κακοήθειας μαστού. Επίσης, υπολογίστηκαν οι διαγνωστικές παράμετροι για κάθε γονίδιο και τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι ο συνδυασμός των τεσσάρων γονιδίων σε ένα πολυγονιδιακό πάνελ μεθυλίωσης αυξάνει σημαντικά την Ειδικότητα (Specificity) και Θετική Προγνωστική Αξία (Positive Predictive Value) συγκριτικά με την μεθυλίωση οποιουδήποτε μεμονωμένου εκ των τεσσάρων γονιδίων. Συμπεράσματα: Η μελέτη αυτή δείχνει ότι η FNAB μαστού σε συνδυασμό με τα δεδομένα μεθυλίωσης από τα αναρροφημένα κυτταρολογικά υλικά μαστού εμφανίζουν πολλά υποσχόμενα αποτελέσματα όσον αφορά την χρήση τους ως βιοδείκτη για την πρώιμη ανίχνευση του κινδύνου για Καρκίνο του Μαστού σε γυναίκες με ύποπτες αλλοιώσεις μαστού.

scholarly journals Reliability of fine needle aspiration and ex tempore biopsy in the diagnosis of salivary glands lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1018-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Gajanin ◽  
Dejan Djurdjevic ◽  
Slavica Knezevic-Usaj ◽  
Zivka Eri ◽  
Vesna Ljubojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Fine Needle

Background/Aim. Interpretation of cytological material obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary glands is one of the most challenging areas in cytopathology. FNA is performed easily, it is minimally invasive, inexpensive, fast, reliable and provides valuable information to clinicians about the nature of the lesion and therapeutic modalities. Ex tempore diagnosis, frozen section (FS) is a diagnostic tool that is essential in determining the modalities of surgical treatment of lesions of the salivary glands. Today this method is used in determining the status of resection margins and infiltration of adjacent anatomical structures. The aim of this study was to present our experiences in the application of FNA and FS in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and diagnostic reliability of these methods. Methods. The study included 36 patients. In all the patients, cytological analysis was done before surgery and histological analysis of the surgical material. In 23 of the patients the FS diagnostics was done. Then we compared FNA and FS findings with histopathological findings. Results. Correlation of cytological and histological diagnosis showed sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity 96.67%, positive predictive value 83.3%, negative predictive value of 96.77% and diagnostic accuracy of 97.2%. Based on the relationship between FS diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity 96.67%, while positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 100% each. Conclusion. The study confirmed that FNA is a sensitive, reliable diagnostic method for differentiation of lesions of the salivary glands. In cases with no posibility to definite differentiation in FNA samples, and with the need to assess the resection margins and invasion of anatomical structures, it is recommended to use FS diagnostics.

A Feasibility Study of Ovarian Cancer Screening: Does Fine-Needle Aspiration Improve Ultrasound Specificity?

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Schincaglia ◽  
Lorena Brandelli ◽  
Alessandra Cicognani ◽  
Gianfranco Buzzi ◽  
Luigi F. Orsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Screening ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle

Aims and background The prognosis for ovarian cancer patients depends on the stage at diagnosis. As a prerequisite for any proposed procedure for ovarian cancer screening, high levels of specificity should be obtained using combinations of tests. Based on preliminary data from an ongoing feasibility study, this report is focused on the possible gain in specificity provided by fine-needle aspiration of occult ovarian masses detected by ultrasound. Methods Ultrasonography was used as a basic test, and fine-needle aspiration was obtained from selected patients. Those with (a) positive aspiration cytology or histology, (b) complex or solid masses showing volume increase, (c) complex or irregular masses and inadequate samples, and (d) recurrent cystic lesions were operated on. Results A total of 3541 asymptomatic patients 50-69 years of age underwent ultrasonography, and 98 were selected for fine-needle aspiration. Of these, 19 (positivity rate 19/3541 or 0.5%) were operated on. Two ovarian cancer cases (FIGO Stage II and III) were detected (detection rate 2/3541 or 0.6 × 1,000; positive predictive value 2/19 or 10.5%). Specificity was 3443/3539 or 97.3% for ultrasound alone and 3522/3539 or 99.5% for the procedure as a whole. Surgical exploration for relapses of benign cysts reduced by some 50% the potential gain in positive predictive value provided by aspiration cytology compared with ultrasound alone. Conclusions Although fine-needle aspiration has improved the performance of ultrasound, this 2-levei procedure does not appear to achieve acceptable levels of specificity.

Should all patients with thyroid nodules ≥ 1 cm undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy?

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hellmich ◽  
W. Lehmacher ◽  
W. Eschner ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
C. Kobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Aspiration Biopsy ◽  
Sequential Algorithm ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Needle Aspiration Biopsy

SummaryThe prevalence of thyroid nodules . 1 cm is high in a previously iodine-deficient area. Under the hypothesis, that all patients with such nodules undergo fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and that sensitivity and specificity of cytology are calculated with 85%, the positive predictive value of pathologic cytologic finding will reach 1.5% only according to Bayes-theorem. This is clinically unacceptable, as resection will be the consequence in all cases with suspect cytology. Even implementation of a second, independent test (e. g. moleculargenetic testing of thyreocytes, sensitivity to detect mutation 50%, specificity 95%) and application of sequential Bayestheorem the positive predictive value of combined pathologic findings will increase to 13% only. Nevertheless, 58% out of all thyroid cancer remain undetected by such a sequential algorithm.As a consequence, pre-selection of thyroid nodules for FNAB is required to increase the pretest-probability to at least 5.10%. A combination of sonographic criteria and scintigraphy, even in patients with normal TSHlevels, is suited to selected thyroid nodules for FNAB.

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