scholarly journals PI and LQR controllers for Frequency Regulation including Wind Generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semaria Ruiz ◽  
Julian Patiño ◽  
Jairo Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Test System ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Load Frequency

<pre>The increasing use of renewable technologies such as wind turbines in power systems may require the contribution of these new sources into grid ancillary services, such as Load Frequency Control. Hence, this work dealt with the performance comparison of two traditional control structures, PI and <span>LQR</span>, for secondary regulation of Load Frequency Control with the participation of variable-speed wind turbines. For this purpose, the doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine was modeled with additional control loops for emulation of the inertial response of conventional machines for frequency regulation tasks. Performance of proposed strategies was verified through simulation in a benchmark adapted from the <span>WSCC</span> 3 machines 9-bus test system. Results showed overall superior performance for <span>LQR</span> controller, although requiring more strenuous control effort from conventional units than PI control.</pre>

scholarly journals Multivariable predictive control considering time delay for load-frequency control in multi-area power systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Daniar ◽  
Mojtaba Shiroei ◽  
Rahmat Aazami
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Test System ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Economic Allocation ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
New Formulation

Abstract In this paper, a multivariable model based predictive control (MPC) is proposed for the solution of load frequency control (LFC) in a multi-area interconnected power system. The proposed controller is designed to consider time delay, generation rate constraint and multivariable nature of the LFC system, simultaneously. A new formulation of the MPC is presented to compensate time delay. The generation rate constraint is considered by employing a constrained MPC and economic allocation of the generation is further guaranteed by an innovative modification in the predictive control objective function. The effectiveness of proposed scheme is verified through time-based simulations on the standard 39-bus test system and the responses are then compared with the proportional-integral controller. The evaluation of the results reveals that the proposed control scheme offers satisfactory performance with fast responses.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Analysis of Load Frequency Control in Power Systems: A Survey

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sahaj Saxena ◽  
Sajal Bhatia ◽  
Rahul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Communication Time

Today, power systems have transformed considerably and taken a new shape of geographically distributed systems from the locally centralized systems thereby leading to a new infrastructure in the framework of networked control cyber-physical system (CPS). Among the different important operations to be performed for smooth generation, transmission, and distribution of power, maintaining the scheduled frequency, against any perturbations, is an important one. The load frequency control (LFC) operation actually governs this frequency regulation activity after the primary control. Due to CPS nature, the LFC operation is vulnerable to attacks, both from physical and cyber standpoints. The cyber-attack strategies ranges from a variety of attacks such as jamming the network communication, time-delay attack, and false data injection. Motivated by these perspectives, this paper studies the cybersecurity issues of the power systems during the LFC operation, and a survey is conducted on the security analysis of LFC. Various cyber-attack strategies, their mathematical models, and vulnerability assessments are performed to understand the possible threats and sources causing failure of frequency regulation. The LFC operation of two-area power systems is considered as a tutorial example to quantify the vulnerabilities. Mitigation strategies through control theoretic approaches are then reviewed and highlighted for LFC operation under cyber-attack.

scholarly journals Cost Efficient Distributed Load Frequency Control in Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 8037-8042
Author(s):  
Flavio R. de A. F. Mello ◽  
Dimitra Apostolopoulou ◽  
Eduardo Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Distributed Load ◽  
Cost Efficient

Distributed Load-Frequency Control in Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Maldonado Andrade ◽  
Silvana Gamboa ◽  
Jackeline Abad Torres
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Distributed Load
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