scholarly journals Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Safaa Laqtib ◽  
Khalid El Yassini ◽  
Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Random Waypoint

<p>Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) <a title="Learn more about Metrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metrics">metrics</a> such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Vyas ◽  
Margam Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Random Waypoint Model ◽  
Random Waypoint

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.

scholarly journals GROUP MOBILITY MODEL BASED PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANET

2013 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
ANKUR PATEL ◽  
Shivendu Dubey ◽  
ASHOK VERMA ◽  
SHARDA PD. PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a dynamic network Topology without the aid of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts as a host and as a router , means they have to forward packets and identify route as well. Random way point is the most common mobility model in most of the simulation based studies of various MANET routing protocols.The Group Mobility Model has been generated by Impact of Mobility Patterns on Routing in Ad-hoc Network(IMPORTANT). In the present communication, we have analyzed the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End to End delay, Average Throughput, Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and number of Drop packets in CBR and TCP traffic models using routing protocols namely AODV and DSDV. Research efforts have focused much in evaluating their performance with same number of nodes but divided in different number of groups. Simulations has been carried out using NS-2 simulator.

scholarly journals An improved harmony search algorithm for optimized link state routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.14) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Mustafa Raad Hammoodi ◽  
Ravie Chandren Muniyand
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Harmony Search Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Roulette Wheel Selection ◽  
Link State ◽  
Improved Harmony Search

Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a direct application of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). Nodes in VANET are vehicles that communicate using vehicle to vehicle (V2V) or vehicle to infrastructure (V2I). These types of communications have led to the emergence of various applications that provide safer driving. Due to the high changing of topology and frequent fragmentation of VANET, routing pack-ets in this type of network is a hard task. In this work, the authors deal with the well-known MANET proactive Optimized Link State Rout-ing protocol (OLSR). The deployment of OLSR in VANET gives the moderate performance; this is due to its necessity of constant ex-changing of control packets. The performance of OLSR is highly dependent on its parameters, thus finding optimal parameters configura-tions that best fit VANETs environment and improves the network is essential before its deployment. Therefore, this research proposes a modified Harmony Search optimization (HSO) by incorporating selection methods in its memory consideration; roulette wheel selection to obtain fine-tuned OLSR for high density and velocity scenario. The experimental analysis showed that the OLSR with the proposed ap-proach acquired promising results regarding packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and overhead when compared with previous approaches.  

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

Comparative Assessment and Performance Analysis of Numerous Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Routing Protocols

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3906-3911
Author(s):  
Karan Singh ◽  
Rajeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
And Performance

Recent progression in the field of information and communication cause increase of packet count over the World Wide Web network. These communicated packets should deliver on time from origin node to destination node using a reliable and shortest route. In this way routing plays an important part in dispatching the packets to destination form the source. This routing becomes more crucial when packets delivery is done in independent mobile nodes which dynamically form a temporary network. This network named as Mobile Ad-Hoc Network and therefore it is said to be particular reason-specific, self-ruling and dynamic. In this paper we analyzed 3 protocols and for a quality of service (i.e., Packet Delivery Ratio) and achieved comparative study of various protocols of routing with respect to Operation of protocols, Route maintenance, Routing table, Route, Route selection, Routing structure, Routing Approaches, Protocol types, Merits and Demerits.

Investigation of random waypoint and steady state random waypoint mobility models in NS-3 using AODV

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Alok Singh ◽  
Saurabh Sharma ◽  
Rajneesh K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Transition Phase ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simulation Time ◽  
Random Waypoint

NS-3 has been one of the popular network simulator software for many years especially in research related to Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). In NS-3, there is provision of several mobility models including Random Waypoint (RWP) mobility model and Steady State Random Waypoint (SSRWP) mobility model. RWP mobility model suffers from the transition phase related imperfection. SSRWP mobility model overcomes this limitation of RWP mobility by allowing the steady state initialization states of nodes in terms of position, speed and pause time of mobile nodes right from the beginning of the simulation. As SSRWP mobility model avoids any requirement of warm-up (cut-off) phase of RWP mobility model, it saves a significant amount of time of warm-up (cut-off) phase as well as establishes a high level of confidence in results obtained due to absence of any subjective guess. In the present work, RWP and SSRWP mobility models have been investigated using AODV routing protocol and it has been found that a way to mitigate the misleading effect of the transition phase of RWP mobility model is to have a sufficiently large simulation time which results, to a good extent, in convergence of performance of RWP mobility model toward that of SSRWP mobility model.

scholarly journals Towards Developing Enhanced Cluster-Based QoS-Aware Routing in MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kebebew Ababu Yitayih ◽  
Mulugeta Libsie
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link State ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Creating dynamic communication infrastructures between mobile devices and satisfying the desires for time-sensitive multimedia applications have introduced new challenges in the design of protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. In this paper, to stream time-sensitive applications using mobile ad hoc network (MANET), we have selected the Optimal Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol. However, the protocol has high overhead because each node selects a set of multipoint relay (MPR) nodes. Therefore, we have proposed quality of service (QoS) supporting the MPR selection approach and a new lower maintenance clustering approach for minimizing the overhead of the network. As a result, the proposed approach showed a better result in the average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, routing load, and throughput.

Rough Set Based Ad Hoc Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Chowdhuri ◽  
Payel Roy ◽  
Srijan Goswami ◽  
Ahmad Taher Azar ◽  
Nilanjan Dey
Keyword(s):  
Rough Set ◽  
Rough Sets ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Rough Set Theory ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Computing Technique

The ad hoc routing protocol's design has received a huge attention due to the unpredictable and rapid mobility of a node. It is created dynamically without any infrastructure. In ad hoc each node is responsible for routing the information between them. To improve the performance of unused information and to overcome the overhead in maintaining this information the protocols were designed. MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is the collection of wireless mobile nodes which can dynamically form a network. By this definition we can conclude that there is no centralized administration, permanent topology and standard support services. Rough set theory is a computing technique to deal with uncertainty and vagueness. The notion of the thresholds and the temporal extensions to Rough Sets was applied in several protocols. The successful routing in MANETs using the Random Waypoint mobility model was based on various rough sets based protocol.

MOVE

2010 ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Chan Lan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
Random Waypoint

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is surging in popularity, in which vehicles constitute the mobile nodes in the network. Due to the prohibitive cost of deploying and implementing such a system in real world, most research in VANET relies on simulations for evaluation. A key component for VANET simulations is a realistic vehicular mobility model that ensures conclusions drawn from simulation experiments will carry through to real deployments. However, VANET simulations raise many new questions about suitable levels of details in simulation models for nodes mobility. In VANET simulations, the mobility models used affect strongly the simulation output. The researchers need to decide what level of details are required for their simulations. In this chapter, the authors introduce a tool MOVE that allows users to rapidly generate realistic mobility models for VANET simulations. MOVE is built on top of an open source micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The output of MOVE is a realistic mobility model and can be immediately used by popular network simulators such as ns-2 and Qualnet. The authors show that the simulation results obtained when using a realistic mobility model such as MOVE are significantly different from results based on the commonly used random waypoint model. In addition, the authors evaluate the effects of details of mobility models in three case studies of VANET simulations (specifically, the existence of traffic lights, driver route choice and car overtaking behavior) and show that selecting sufficient level of details in the simulation is critical for VANET protocol design.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1098-1104
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Distance Vector

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) are an emerging technology with vehicle. As a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) application, VANET is considered to be a new phase of technology to the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). VANET is a technology Using VANET vehicles can become aware of the dynamic behavior of other vehicles regardless of the driver's ability. In addition, infrastructure can obtain situational awareness at various levels of detail to manage traffic and potentially send emergency services. When traffic jam occurred in pick hour, vehicle in that area should be able to give a way to emergency services such as ambulance. Such traffic happened every day in Jakarta especially on weekdays. This research focused on designing the traffic condition and analyzing the routing protocol for VANET for Jakarta smart cities. Before implementing VANET in Jakarta, simulation using NS2 was conducted with two environment scenes. The first environment scene was the vehicle move one by one on each intersection. The second environment scene was the vehicle move in the opposite direction. The number of mobile nodes used in the environment scene as vehicle and infrastructure were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350. we set 10 nodes as infrastructures for all number of mobile nodes used in the simulation and the remaining nodes as vehicles. We used more nodes as vehicle because the number of vehicles in the Jakarta was higher than the number of infrastructures. The network area used in this simulation was 2000x2000. We used constant bit rate (CBR), two ray ground propagation and omni antenna to simulate the environment scenes. The routing protocols used in this research were Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). The result of this research showed that AODV achieved the highest throughput and the best packet delivery ratio. The lowest end-to-end delay was achieved by DSDV. Accordingly, simulation result showed that AODV has the best performance and preferable routing protocol of VANET for Jakarta environments.

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