scholarly journals Sero-diagnosis of tuberculosis in elephants in Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18713-18718
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Rajhans ◽  
Gayatri Wankhede ◽  
Balaji Ambore ◽  
Sandeep Chaudhari ◽  
Navnath Nighot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

Tuberculosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium spp.  A study was conducted to detect the presence of Mycobacterium in captive elephants.  A total of 15 captive elephants were screened from various regions in Maharashtra.  The blood and serum samples collected were subjected to rapid test kit, BacT/ALERT 3D system, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and PCR.  All the samples were found seronegative using rapid test kit and whole blood PCR.  Whereas, all samples were signalled culture positive in BacT/ALERT 3D system which were further subjected to PCR, only one amplicon was produced of 176bp of RD4 gene (Mycobacterium bovis) and no acid-fast organism was detected upon ZN.  Due to the atypical nature of this organism, diagnosis of this disease in elephants using various tests is complicated unlike the diagnostic tests that are validated in domestic animals.  Therefore, many tests have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity in elephants.  As TB is a zoonotic disease, transmission can occur between human-livestock-elephants interface.  Therefore, the zoos and state forest authority should inculcate a protocol of periodic TB screening for Mahouts and elephants in captivity along with protocol of elephant-visitor interaction, thus helping in conservation of this endangered species in India.

scholarly journals Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Domestic Animals Eating Dropped and Bitten Fruit in Bangladeshi Villages: Implications for Zoonotic Disease Transmission

EcoHealth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Openshaw ◽  
Sonia Hegde ◽  
Hossain M. S. Sazzad ◽  
Salah Uddin Khan ◽  
M. Jahangir Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission

scholarly journals Revealing the Micro-scale Signature of Endemic Zoonotic Disease Transmission in an African Urban Setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e1005525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Bourhy ◽  
Emmanuel Nakouné ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Pierre Nouvellet ◽  
Anthony Lepelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission

scholarly journals Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-COV-2: Diagnostic Performance of Four Commercial Assays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Monteiro de Almeida ◽  
Regiane Nogueira Spalanzani ◽  
Meri Bordignon Nogueira ◽  
Beatriz Sanada Spiri ◽  
Barbara Maria Cavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
One Step ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Abstract Background. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFA) of four different manufacturers to identify SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM, IgG or total), comparing them with the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or clinical defined (definite or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection respectively). Methods. 119 serum samples were randomly selected by convenience and distributed in the groups: (1) Group with SARS-CoV-2 infection [n=82; RT-qPCR positive (definite, n=70), and probable (n=12)]; (2) other diseases [n= 27; other viruses identified (n=8), SARS of other etiologies (n=19)]; (3) healthy control group (n=10). LFA essays of four manufacturers were compared: MedTest Coronavírus (COVID-19) IgG/IgM (MedLevensohn, Brazil); COVID-19 IgG/IgM ECO Test (Ecodiagnóstica, Brazil); Camtech COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test Kit (Camtech Diagnostics Pte Ltd, Singapore); and one Step COVID-19 Test for total antibodies (Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co, China).Results. The four tests studied showed high diagnostic performance characteristics for the diagnoses of definite or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection. The best measures were for the Wondfo test: sensitivity (86.59%; 95%CI, 77.26-93.11%); specificity (100%; 90.51-100%); DOR (257; 60-1008); LR+ (33.43; 4.82-231.85); LR− (0.13; 0.08 - 0.23); accuracy (90.76%; 84.06- 95.29%); Matthews Correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.82. Although considering only the probable SARS-CoV-2 infection (PCR-) cases, all the kits studied showed limited values.Conclusion. Our data demonstrate the excellent performance of LFA for the diagnoses of definite or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was substantial heterogeneity in sensitivities of IgM and IgG antibodies among the manufacturers. LFA tests cannot replace molecular diagnostics, but should be used as additional screening tool.

scholarly journals Rapid Serological Tests for SARS-COV-2: Diagnostic Performance of Four Commercial Assays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Monteiro de Almeida ◽  
Regiane Nogueira Spalanzani ◽  
Meri Bordignon Nogueira ◽  
Beatriz Sanada Spiri ◽  
Barbara Maria Cavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
One Step ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Abstract Background. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFA) of four different manufacturers to identify SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM, IgG or total), comparing them with the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or clinical defined (definite or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection respectively). Methods. 119 serum samples were randomly selected by convenience and distributed in the groups: (1) Group with SARS-CoV-2 infection [n=82; RT-qPCR positive (definite, n=70), and probable (n=12)]; (2) other diseases [n= 27; other viruses identified (n=8), SARS of other etiologies (n=19)]; (3) healthy control group (n=10). LFA essays of four manufacturers were compared: MedTest Coronavírus (COVID-19) IgG/IgM (MedLevensohn, Brazil); COVID-19 IgG/IgM ECO Test (Ecodiagnóstica, Brazil); Camtech COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test Kit (Camtech Diagnostics Pte Ltd, Singapore); and one Step COVID-19 Test for total antibodies (Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co, China).Results. The four tests studied showed high diagnostic performance characteristics for the diagnoses of definite or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection. The best measures were for the Wondfo test: sensitivity (86.59%; 95%CI, 77.26-93.11%); specificity (100%; 90.51-100%); DOR (257; 60-1008); LR+ (33.43; 4.82-231.85); LR− (0.13; 0.08 - 0.23); accuracy (90.76%; 84.06- 95.29%); Matthews Correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.82. Although considering only the probable SARS-CoV-2 infection (PCR-) cases, all the kits studied showed limited values.Conclusion. Our data demonstrate the excellent performance of LFA for the diagnoses of definite or probable SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was substantial heterogeneity in sensitivities of IgM and IgG antibodies among the manufacturers. LFA tests cannot replace molecular diagnostics, but should be used as additional screening tool.

scholarly journals Bat Hunting and Bat-Human Interactions in Bangladeshi Villages: Implications for Zoonotic Disease Transmission and Bat Conservation

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Openshaw ◽  
S. Hegde ◽  
H. M. S. Sazzad ◽  
S. U. Khan ◽  
M. J. Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Bat Conservation ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission

scholarly journals Wine Sero-Status of Japanese Encephalitis among Kathmandu and Morang Districts of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
A. Chapagain ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
D.B. Thapa ◽  
D. Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Swine Serum

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) a vector borne zoonoitc disease caused by arbovirus of Flavivirus and transmitted by Culex tritaeniorhynchus additionally pig acts as amplifying host for the virus. A total 115 swine serum samples 100 pig farmers from each district were tested against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. The collected samples were analyzed by using “Porcine Encephalitis B Virus Antibody Rapid Test Kit”. Among them 17% samples were positive for JE while 83% samples were negative for JE. Total 18% were positive for JE in Morang district while 115.4% were positive for Kathmandu district. There was no significant difference in prevalence of JE in these two districts (p>0.05). In Kathmandu, the prevalence was 15.4% while in Morang it was slightly higher, 18%. 9.5% younger pigs of 3-9 months of age were positive for JE and 20.6% of age above 9 months were positive of JE but were no significant (p>0.05). Similarly, 17.9% female pigs and 14.6% male pigs were positive for JE however difference was not significantly different. In case of breed, no association of pigs with seropositivity (p>0.05), 7 (13.5%) out of 52 local breed pigs and 12 (19.1%) out of 63 were JE positive. The prevalence rate of JEV was higher in Morang district among study area which might be due to several factors like lack of education in pig farmers, non vaccinated pig population and lack of awareness regarding risk factor of JEV. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(4): 373-378

scholarly journals Observation of Practices at Petting Zoos and the Potential Impact on Zoonotic Disease Transmission

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Weese ◽  
L. McCarthy ◽  
M. Mossop ◽  
H. Martin ◽  
S. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission

Bat Predation by Cercopithecus Monkeys: Implications for Zoonotic Disease Transmission

EcoHealth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tapanes ◽  
Kate M. Detwiler ◽  
Marina Cords
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Disease Transmission
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