scholarly journals The captive population of the Lion-tailed Macaque Macaca silenus (Linnaeus, 1758). The future of an endangered primate under human care

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19352-19357
Author(s):  
Nilofer Begum ◽  
Werner Kaumanns ◽  
Alexander Sliwa ◽  
Mewa Singh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Captive Propagation ◽  
Conservation Breeding ◽  
Term Management

For conservation breeding, the endangered Lion-tailed Macaques have been maintained in North America under SSP since 1983 and in Europe under EEP since 1989. Based on a growing interest to support the species long-term survival, the SSP population increased considerably during the first few years of the programme but due to space problems and resulting birth control measures, it has drastically declined to small numbers and a non- breeding status at present. The EEP population continually increased till 2012, but due to the lack of spaces and birth control practises, it has gradually declined since then. It is emphasised that the knowledge gained from field studies on Lion-tailed Macaques in India and its incorporation for captive management under EEP has helped develop appropriate management strategies. Captive propagation of the Lion-tailed Macaque in India, the habitat country, can profit from the successes and drawbacks of the long-term management experiences of SSP and EEP.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility of Long-Term Management Strategies for Heartburn

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Goeree ◽  
Bernie J. O'Brien ◽  
Gordon Blackhouse ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
Andrew Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Term Management

scholarly journals Leopard Density Estimation within an Enclosed Reserve, Namibia Using Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture Models

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 724
Author(s):  
Noack ◽  
Heyns ◽  
Rodenwoldt ◽  
Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
New Class ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Effective Conservation

The establishment of enclosed conservation areas are claimed to be the driving force for the long-term survival of wildlife populations. Whilst fencing provides an important tool in conservation, it simultaneously represents a controversial matter as it stops natural migration processes, which could ultimately lead to inbreeding, a decline in genetic diversity and local extinction if not managed correctly. Thus, wildlife residing in enclosed reserves requires effective conservation and management strategies, which are strongly reliant on robust population estimates. Here, we used camera traps combined with the relatively new class of spatially explicit capture-recaptured models (SECR) to produce the first reliable leopard population estimate for an enclosed reserve in Namibia. Leopard density was estimated at 14.51 leopards/100 km2, the highest recorded density in Namibia to date. A combination of high prey abundance, the absence of human persecution and a lack of top-down control are believed to be the main drivers of the recorded high leopard population. Our results add to the growing body of literature which suggests enclosed reserves have the potential to harbour high densities and highlight the importance of such reserves for the survival of threatened species in the future.

Enuresis: Myths, Misunderstandings and Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Martin Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Conditioning Therapy ◽  
Treatable Condition ◽  
Term Management

Advice on enuresis has been provided by a range of individuals. Many myths and misunderstandings have been responsible for the confusing range of opinions given to those who seek help. Management should be based on an understanding of the physiology of the condition and the established facts about its treatment. There is still a lack of awareness about how effective are the management strategies now proposed by those who base their practise on the extensive research that is now documented. The best results are obtained with conditioning therapy, when this is supervised and supported. There is an important role for 'wetness' alarms in conditioning. There are now body-worn mini-alarms, established by over a decade of use, that are inexpensive and reliable. There is a decreasing role for tricyclic medication. The recently introduced pharmaceutical Minirin (desmopressin) is useful in short-term management to get dryness on social occasions and, in selected individuals, might have a role in long-term control of enuresis, when conditioning has not been effective. There is an important need to provide advice and treatment facilities for all those with enuresis - a treatable condition.

Cutthroat Trout: Evolutionary Biology and Taxonomy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Captive Propagation ◽  
Analytical Tools

<em>Abstract</em>.—The broad distribution and regional variation of Cutthroat Trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii </em>across western North America has led to considerable interest in the different forms from both scientific and recreational perspectives. This volume represents an attempt to describe this observed diversity with the most current information available and suggests a revised taxonomy for Cutthroat Trout. However, what is proposed in this volume will be subject to change or refinement as new techniques and analytical tools become available. In particular, remaining uncertainty would benefit from a comparison of all described lineages with a common set of morphological and genetic markers. A range-wide collection of voucher specimens will help to document variation in these characteristics, and we encourage field biologists to prioritize these collections. Future revisions will benefit from agreement on a species concept and explicitly state the assumptions of the chosen species concept. We encourage collaboration between managers and taxonomists to accurately delineate units of conservation that can be used by decision makers tasked with ensuring the long-term persistence of Cutthroat Trout lineages. The proposed taxonomic revisions herein validate many of the ongoing management strategies to conserve Cutthroat Trout, but we advise additional consideration of life-history diversity as an attainable management target. For long-term persistence of all Cutthroat Trout, maintaining and expanding the availability of high quality, well-connected stream and lake habitats will be a necessary first step to achieving desired conservation outcomes. Moreover, restoring and protecting ecological processes are key to conserving the diversity found within and among lineages of Cutthroat Trout. In systems where native Cutthroat Trout have been extirpated or suppressed, captive propagation and translocation are two potentially available tools to re-establish or reinvigorate populations. Last, we encourage fisheries managers and taxonomists to embrace the challenges that come with conserving locally unique forms of wide-ranging species like Cutthroat Trout.

A preliminary study of regeneration in wild populations of threatened endemic Hawaiian palms (Pritchardia; Arecaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melany H. Chapin ◽  
Mike Maunder ◽  
Katherine E. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Term Management

Island floras have been subject to catastrophic changes since human colonization; the Hawaiian Islands exemplify this pattern of species decline and ecological change. Archaeological and historic findings support the former existence of coastal, lowland and interior Pritchardia dominated forests. Wild Pritchardia populations are highly fragmented and exhibit poor or absent regeneration in the wild. This study records seed predation, goat grazing, pig damage, and human harvesting on six wild populations of three species and outlines requirements for the long-term management of wild populations. Only one population of the six studied was found to contain seedlings. Recommended conservation management strategies are outlined.

Modelling the demography of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) as affected by broad bean (Vicia faba) cropping frequency and planting date

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca López-Granados ◽  
Luis García-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Reported Data

A mathematical model of crenate broomrape populations in broad bean as affected by cropping frequency and planting dates in the absence of crenate broomrape control practices was constructed using previously reported data. In consecutive broad bean cropping, broomrape populations reached a maximum infection severity (D) of 62, 47, and 30 emerged broomrape m−2for early (mid-October), intermediate (mid-November), and late (mid-December) planting dates, respectively. The maximumDvalues were reached earlier as planting dates were brought forward, taking from 4 to 6 yr, starting from very low initial infections (D ≤0.2 emerged broomrape m−2). If broad bean was cropped every 3 yr, 15, 21, and 27 yr were needed, respectively, according to the model, to reach the maximumDfor the three planting dates considered. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the effect of changing the values of the main demographic parameters in broomrape life cycle (germination, attachment, and seed loss) on the output of the model under different management strategies (planting dates and cropping frequency). Generally, an increase in seed attachment and a decrease in seed loss affected broomrape population dynamics. Between the two processes evaluated, the time taken to reach the maximum infection severity (D) was less sensitive than the maximum broomrape population values. Model predictions were validated using results from long-term field studies at the late planting date sown every year. Simulated values generated good predictions (R2= 0.82).

Declines in populations of Australia's endemic tropical rainforest frogs

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Richards ◽  
Keith R. McDonald ◽  
Ross A. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
History Of

Comparisons of present and past occurrences suggest that populations of six frog species endemic to the tropical rainforests of northern Queensland have declined during the past ten years. Most declines have occurred at high altitudes in the southern portions of the tropical rainforest. An extensive survey conducted during the summer of 1991-1992 did not locate any individuals of two upland species, Litoria nyakalensis and Taudactylus rheophilus. Another upland species, T. acutirostris, which formerly was widely distributed, appears to have declined in rainforests south of the Daintree River. Three species (Litoria nannotis, L. rheocola and Nyctimystes dayi) were absent from most upland sites south of the Daintree River, but were common at lowland sites and at all sites north of the Daintree River. Aspects of water chemistry, including inorganic ions, heavy metals, and pesticide residues, were analysed for many sites. These analyses failed to identify any abnormalities that might have contributed to frog declines. Declines appear to be unrelated to the history of forestry or mining at sites, or to low rainfall in wet seasons. Levels of habitat disturbance by feral pigs appear to have increased at some sites in recent years and, either by this disturbance or through direct predation, feral pigs may have contributed to declines in some populations. However, pigs are unlikely to be the sole cause of frog population declines. Once declines have occurred, fragmentation of rainforest habitats may prevent recolonization from adjacent sites. Until causal agents associated with declines can be identified, management strategies to ensure the long-term survival of these species must involve protection of the riparian habitats in which they occur.

Management Considerations for Chronic Asthma

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
Sharya Vaughan Bourdet ◽  
Dennis Williams
Keyword(s):  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Children With Asthma

Asthma is a common chronic disease affecting millions of individuals in the United States. Appropriate management and prevention of asthma symptoms is essential in order to maintain quality of life and reduce healthcare costs. Published consensus guidelines provide recommendations for asthma management and emphasize pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic components for long-term management. Major components of asthma management include environmental control measures, patient education and self-management, pharmacotherapy and periodic assessment. Since publication of the guidelines in 1997, there has been additional research and advances in our knowledge and understanding of asthma. Ongoing research focuses on issues such as regular versus as needed use of short-acting bronchodilators, early initiation of inhaled corticosteroids, safety of inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma, combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroids and other long-term control agents, and reduction of inhaled corticosteroid doses. Advances in therapy and new knowledge about appropriate management strategies should be incorporated into clinical management strategies.

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