Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death by Dietary Pure ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dogs

Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve autonomic dysfunction, as indicated by an increase in heart rate variability (HRV) and reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of marine n-3 PUFA on 24-h HRV in patients on chronic dialysis, who have a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Between June 2014 and March 2016, 112 patients on chronic dialysis from Denmark were allocated to a daily supplement of 2 g marine n-3 PUFA or control for three months in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. A 48-h Holter monitoring was performed and mean 24-h HRV indices for the two days were available in 85 patients. The mean age was 62.3 years (SD: 14.3) and median dialysis vintage was 1.7 years (IQR: 0.5, 6.4). Within-group and between-group changes in outcome were evaluated by a paired and two sample t-test, respectively. Marine n-3 PUFA did not change the primary endpoint SDNN (SD of all RR-intervals) reflecting overall HRV, but other HRV indices increased and the mean RR-interval increased significantly, corresponding to a decrease in heart rate by 2.5 beats per minute (p = 0.04). In conclusion, marine n-3 PUFA did not change SDNN, but the mean heart rate was significantly reduced and changes in other HRV-indices were also observed, indicating an increase in vagal modulation that might be protective against malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

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Clinical Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mechanism of Prevention of Arrhythmias by n-3 Fish Oils

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.0000069566.78305.33 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 107 (21) ◽

pp. 2646-2652 ◽

Cited By ~ 413

Author(s):

Alexander Leaf ◽

Jing X. Kang ◽

Yong-Fu Xiao ◽

George E. Billman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Fish Oils ◽

Clinical Prevention

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Do omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias? A meta-analysis of randomized trials

Heart & Lung ◽

10.1016/j.hrtlng.2013.03.006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Georges Khoueiry ◽

Nidal Abi Rafeh ◽

Erinmarie Sullivan ◽

Faisal Saiful ◽

Zehra Jaffery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Reduce Risk

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Serum Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Mercury, and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Men: A Prospective Population-Based Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0041046 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. e41046 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Jyrki K. Virtanen ◽

Jari A. Laukkanen ◽

Jaakko Mursu ◽

Sari Voutilainen ◽

Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Long Chain

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Opposing roles of omega‐3 and trans polyunsaturated fatty acids in sudden cardiac death and vascular remodeling

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.297.4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Rafat Ali Siddiqui ◽

Nargiz Ruzmetov ◽

Kevin Harvey ◽

Caryl Antalis ◽

Steven Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Vascular Remodeling ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Omega 3

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Abstract 15959: N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in RBC Membranes and Estimated Desaturase Activities and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.15959 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie E Chiuve ◽

Nancy R Cook ◽

M V Moorthy ◽

J M Gaziano ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cell Membranes ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Control Analysis

Introduction: Fatty acids in cell membranes modify the propensity for ventricular arrhythmias. In experimental studies, linoleic acid (LA;18:2n-6) has anti-arrhythmic effects, but its association with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk has been inconsistent. Further, little is known about circulating levels of other n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and SCD risk. Methods: In a case-control analysis nested within 6 prospective cohort studies, we measured RBC levels of LA, γ-linolenic acid (GLA;18:3n-6), dihomo- γ-linoleic acid (DGLA;20:3n-6) and arachiodonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) in 442 cases of SCD and 852 controls matched on age, sex, race, antecedent CVD, smoking status and fasting status using risk-set sampling. We estimated the activity of 2 key enzymes in n-6 PUFA metabolism, Δ-6desaurase (D6D), which converts LA to GLA, and Δ-5desaturase (D5D), which converts DGLA to AA, using their product to precursor ratios. The multivariable relative risks (RR) were estimated by conditional logistic regression adjusted for other CVD risk factors and n-3 PUFAs in each cohort separately and then combined with random effects meta-analyses. Results: DGLA was positivity linearly associated with risk of SCD while higher levels of AA were associated with lower risk of SCD. Additionally, higher D5D activity (DGLA/AA), representing greater metabolism of DGLA to AA, was inversely associated with risk (Table). Although LA demonstrated a U-shaped relation, with a nadir in SCD risk in quintile 3, the quadratic relation was not significant (p, quadratic trend = 0.95). Neither GLA nor D6D activity (GLA/LA) were associated with risk of SCD (Table). Conclusions: Higher RBC DGLA and lower RBC AA were associated with greater risk of SCD and greater estimated activity of the D5D was associated with lower risk. These n-6 PUFAs are not determined by n-6 PUFA intake and thus research on the regulation of DGLA and AA in cell membranes is warranted and may identify novel targets for SCD prevention.

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