scholarly journals Aortic Valve Stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Roger Goody ◽  
Mohammed Rabiul Hosen ◽  
Dominik Christmann ◽  
Sven Thomas Niepmann ◽  
Andreas Zietzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification

Aortic valve stenosis is the most prevalent heart valve disease worldwide. Although interventional treatment options have rapidly improved in recent years, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Calcific aortic valve stenosis is characterized by a progressive fibro-calcific remodeling and thickening of the aortic valve cusps, which subsequently leads to valve obstruction. The underlying pathophysiology is complex and involves endothelial dysfunction, immune cell infiltration, myofibroblastic and osteoblastic differentiation, and, subsequently, calcification. To date, no pharmacotherapy has been established to prevent aortic valve calcification. However, novel promising therapeutic targets have been recently identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge of pathomechanisms involved in aortic valve calcification and points out novel treatment strategies.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF AORTIC VALVE CALCIFICATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (13) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Synetos ◽  
Konstantinos Toutouzas ◽  
Maria Drakopoulou ◽  
Odysseas Kaitozis ◽  
George Latsios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification

scholarly journals Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Pharmacological Treatment of Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristella Donato ◽  
Nicola Ferri ◽  
Maria Giovanna Lupo ◽  
Elisabetta Faggin ◽  
Marcello Rattazzi
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Health Care Burden ◽  
Lipid Lowering Agents

Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), the most common heart valve disease, is characterized by the slow progressive fibro-calcific remodeling of the valve leaflets, leading to progressive obstruction to the blood flow. CAVS is an increasing health care burden and the development of an effective medical treatment is a major medical need. To date, no effective pharmacological therapies have proven to halt or delay its progression to the severe symptomatic stage and aortic valve replacement represents the only available option to improve clinical outcomes and to increase survival. In the present report, the current knowledge and latest advances in the medical management of patients with CAVS are summarized, placing emphasis on lipid-lowering agents, vasoactive drugs, and anti-calcific treatments. In addition, novel potential therapeutic targets recently identified and currently under investigation are reported.

Sex differences in aortic valve calcification in severe aortic valve stenosis: association between computer tomography assessed calcification and valvular calcium concentrations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Linde ◽  
Rasmus Carter-Storch ◽  
Nicolaj Lyhne Christensen ◽  
Kristian Altern Øvrehus ◽  
Axel Cosmus Pyndt Diederichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Valve Area ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Area

Abstract Aims The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation and sex differences between total valve calcium, valve calcium concentration, and aortic valve calcification (AVC) in explanted valves from patients with severe aortic valve stenosis undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods and results Sixty-nine patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) scheduled for elective AVR underwent echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) prior to surgery (AVCin vivo) and CT of the explanted aortic valve (AVCex vivo). Explanted valves were prepared in acid solution, sonicated, and analysed with Arsenazo III dye to estimate total valve calcium and valve calcium concentration. Median AVCex vivo was 2082 (1421–2973) AU; mean valve calcium concentration was 1.43 ± 0.42 µmol Ca2+/mg tissue; median total valve calcium 156 (111–255) mg Ca2+, and valve calcium density 52 (35–81) mg/cm2. AVC displayed a strong correlation with total valve calcium (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.001) and a moderate correlation with valve calcium concentration (R2 = 0.62, P < 0.001). Valvular calcium concentration was associated with sex, aortic valve area, and mean gradient. After adjusting for age and estimated glomerular filtration rate, sex and mean gradient remained associated with valve calcium concentrations. Conclusion AVC score provides a strong estimate for total valve calcium but to a lesser degree calcium concentration in the valve tissue of patients with severe AS. Females presented lower valvular calcium concentrations than males irrespective of AS severity, adding evidence and providing support to the important point that sex differences in valvular calcium concentration in AS does not reflect valvular size.

Association between aortic valve calcification measured on non-contrast computed tomography and aortic valve stenosis in the general population

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Herluf Paulsen ◽  
Bjarke Bønløkke Carlsen ◽  
Jordi Sanchez Dahl ◽  
Rasmus Carter-Storch ◽  
Nicolaj Lyhne Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
General Population ◽  
Aortic Valve Stenosis ◽  
Aortic Valve Calcification ◽  
Valve Calcification
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