scholarly journals Cross‐Sectional Associations of Objectively Measured Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Fitness With Cardiac Structure and Function: Findings From the Dallas Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neela D. Thangada ◽  
Kershaw V. Patel ◽  
Bradley Peden ◽  
Vijay Agusala ◽  
Julia Kozlitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
Dallas Heart Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background Physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with higher risk of heart failure. However, the independent contributions of objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and CRF toward left ventricular (LV) structure and function are not well established. Methods and Results We included 1368 participants from the DHS (Dallas Heart Study) (age, 49 years; 40% men) free of cardiovascular disease who had physical activity and sedentary time measured by accelerometer, CRF estimated from submaximal treadmill test, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed using 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging. A series of linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the associations of sedentary time, moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and CRF with LV parameters after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors. We observed a modest correlation between CRF levels and objectively measured moderate (correlation coefficient, 0.17; P <0.001) and vigorous physical activity (correlation coefficient, 0.25; P <0.001) levels. In contrast, sedentary time was not associated with CRF. In adjusted analysis, both vigorous physical activity and higher CRF were significantly associated with greater stroke volume, LV mass, LV end‐diastolic volume, and lower arterial elastance, independent of other confounders. Sedentary time and moderate physical activity levels were not associated with LV parameters. Conclusions Vigorous physical activity and CRF are significantly associated with cardiac structure and function parameters. Future studies are needed to determine if interventions aimed at improving CRF levels may favorably modify cardiac structure and function.

Cardiac structure and function in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical fitness

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarna C. Hannukainen ◽  
Urho M. Kujala ◽  
Jyri Toikka ◽  
Olli J. Heinonen ◽  
Jukka Kapanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Cross-sectional studies in athletes and untrained subjects suggest that exercise training induces adaptations in cardiac structure and function. However, the role of genetic variation on the results has largely been ignored in these studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term volitionally increased physical activity on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters in male monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity and fitness. On the basis of the mailed questionnaires, a telephone interview, and the inclusion criteria, 12 pairs of young adult male monozygotic twins were recruited from a Finnish twin cohort. All subjects completed a maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max) test and electrocardiography and echocardiography studies. Nine pairs had at least 9% difference in V̇o2 max and were selected for further analysis and for a second echocardiography study. Twins were divided into the more (MAG) and less active group (LAG), according to their V̇o2 max. On average, MAG had 18% higher V̇o2 max compared with LAG. In electrocardiography, MAG had 29% ( P = 0.02) higher Cornell voltage and 37% ( P = 0.01) higher right-side hypertrophy index. In echocardiography, no significant differences were observed between the groups, and left ventricular mass index was only 7% ( P = 0.16) higher in MAG. These results show that the volitionally increased physical activity that has led to an 18% increase in cardiorespiratory fitness induces greater changes in electro- than echocardiographic parameters. Electrocardiographic changes were suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy, and echocardiography showed a similar but statistically nonsignificant trend.

Aging and physical activity determine cardiac structure and function in the older athlete

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1969-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Douglas ◽  
M. O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Inflow Velocity ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

To evaluate the effects of age and physical activity on cardiac structure and function, 45 ultra-endurance athletes were compared with 24 sedentary control subjects. Two-dimensionally guided M-mode echocardiograms and pulsed Doppler studies of left ventricular inflow velocity were obtained. Both older and younger athletes differed from age-similar sedentary control subjects in having lower heart rates (56 vs. 72 beats/min, younger; 53 vs. 74 beats/min, older), larger left ventricular cavities at end diastole (5.4 vs. 4.9 cm younger; 5.4 vs. 4.9 cm older), and higher ratios of early to atrial inflow velocities (2.14 vs. 1.37, younger; 1.32 vs. 0.83, older; all P less than 0.05). Older athletes differed from younger athletes in having higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures (131/79 vs. 122/71 mmHg), greater posterior wall thickness (1.1 vs. 0.9 cm), lower rapid filling velocity (52 vs. 70 cm/s), higher atrial systolic velocity (41 vs. 34 cm/s), and lower early-to-atrial inflow velocity ratios (1.32 vs. 2.14, all P less than 0.05). Thus the aging heart manifests structural and functional changes in response to physical activity that are similar but not identical to those seen in younger subjects. The expected pattern of cardiac alterations normally seen in response to age is modified in the older athlete, suggesting that exercise training, as well as aging, is an effective stimulus in shaping left ventricular structure and function in the older heart.

scholarly journals Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and left ventricular structure and function from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)

Open Heart ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001647
Author(s):  
Andrew E Berdy ◽  
Bharathi Upadhya ◽  
Sonia Ponce ◽  
Katrina Swett ◽  
Richard B Stacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

ObjectiveThe cross-sectional association between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiac structure and function is less well described. This study’s primary aim was to compare echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function with accelerometer measured PA and SB.MethodsParticipants included 1206 self-identified Hispanic/Latino men and women, age 45–74 years, from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos. Standard echocardiographic measures included M-mode, two-dimensional, spectral, tissue Doppler and myocardial strain. Participants wore an Actical accelerometer at the hip for 1 week.ResultsThe mean±SE age for the cohort was 56±0.4 years, 57% were women. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 21±1.1 min/day, light PA was 217±4.2 min/day and SB was 737±8.1 min/day. Both higher levels of light PA and MVPA (min/day) were associated with lower left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI)/end-diastolic volume and a lower E/e′ ratio. Higher levels of MVPA (min/day) were associated with better right ventricular systolic function. Higher levels of SB were associated with increased LVMI. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular disease modifiable factors, every 10 additional min/day of light PA was associated with a 0.03 mL/m2 increase in left atrial volume index (LAVI) (p<0.01) and a 0.004 cm increase in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p<0.01); every 10 additional min/day of MVPA was associated with a 0.18 mL/m2 increase in LAVI (p<0.01) and a 0.24% improvement in global circumferential strain (p<0.01).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the potential positive association between the MVPA and light PA on cardiac structure and function.

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